الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE CHOROIDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
White dot syndrome is a group of non infectious
inflammatory disease that affect retina, RPE and choroid.
The etiology of white dot syndromes is not completely
understood. In some diseases like serpiginous choroidopathy
there is association with HLA-B7.
In white dot syndrome the affection to young myopic
women is more commen in (MEWDS, AZOOR, PIC, MCP,
AMN, SFU) and to men is recorded only in serpiginous
choroidopathy. There are associsted flu like symptoms in
(MEWDS, APMPPE, AMN, ARPE), and autoimmune disease
with AZOOR .
The white dot syndromes may be unilateral (DUSN,
MEWDS) or bilateral (APMPPE, birdshot chorioretinopathy,
MFC, serpiginous choroiditis). Symptoms associated with the
white dot syndromes include blurred vision, photopsias,
nyctalopia, and floaters. Vitritis is usually mild except in cases of
birdshot chorioretinopathy and MFC. ALL white dot syndromes
are characterized by multiple whitish-yellow inflammatory
lesions located at the level of the outer retina, retinal pigment
epithelium, and choroid. The white dot lesions may be discrete
(MEWDS, multifocal choroiditis, birdshotchorioretinopathy,
DUSN) or more placoid in appearance (APMPPE and
serpiginous choroiditis).
There are multiple investigative tools that helped us,
such as FA that showed early hypofluorecsent and late
hyperfluorecsent in (APMPPE, MCP, SFU, RPC, serpiginous
choroidopathy and birdshot retinochoroidopathy). ICGA that
shows also hypofluorecsent in (MEWDS, APMPPE, PIC,
MFCP and serpiginous choroidopathy). But in some diseases
neither FA nor ICGA are useful in diagnosis as in AMN
diagnosis depend on infrared fundus photography and in
AZOOR diagnosis also depends on electro physiology tests
result
Most serious type is serpiginous , as its prognosis is poor,
50-70% of patients will eventiually develop visual loss.
Prognosis of ARPE, PIC, MEWDS, RPCand birdshot
retinochoroidopathy is good .
White dot syndrome differential diagnosis include
systemic and ocular infectious entitis such as tuberculosis,
syphilis, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, lyme disease
and ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) as well as
noninfectious entitis such as central serous chorioretinopathy,
sarcoidosis, sympathetic ophthalmia, idiopathic uveal effusion
syndrome and intraocular lymphoma .There are different treatment modalities for this wide
group of diseases including medical treatment in the form of
corticosteroid, immunosuppressive drugs and anti VEGF drugs
and recent treatment in the form of Retinal pigment epithelium
replacement therapy , Gene therapy and Tissue plasminogen
activator.