الفهرس 
Diabetes mellitus and its prevalenceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity have emerged as global emergencies on the rise, reaching epidemic levels associated with a dramatic economic and social burden. Their prevalence is escalating significantly, ultimately leading to increasing morbidity and mortality associated with decreasing quality of life.
The interconnection between the pathophysiology of T2DM and obesity has been under research for so long, still, there is a lot to be discovered. In this context, adipokines are considered an approach in understanding this connection. Sfrp5 and WISP1 are two recently identified adipokines that are thought to be associated with obesity, T2DM and the unraveled metabolic disturbances linking the two chronic disorders.
To date, the serum concentrations of Sfrp5 and WISP1; the adipokines of interest; and their association with the co-existence of obesity and T2DM are yet to be discovered. Thus, our current study was designed to study the circulating levels of the two adipokines in obesity and T2DM in Egyptian population. Additionally, we sought correlating their levels with each other, and with anthropometric parameters, IR and β-cell function.
In order to fulfill our aim, this study was conducted on 90 subjects divided in the following four groups:
group (I): The control group:
The first group (n = 24) included apparently healthy volunteers (19 males and 5 females).
group (II): Obese without T2DM patients:
The second group (n = 20) included obese volunteers without T2DM (9 males and 11 females).group (III): Non-obese with T2DM patients:
The third group (n = 24) included non-obese patients with T2DM (14 males and 10 females).
group (IV): Obese with T2DM patients:
The fourth group (n = 22) included obese patients with T2DM (5 males and 17 female).
Results of the current study can be summarized as follows:
1. Significantly elevated concentrations of serum insulin and HOMA2-IR were observed in obese subjects with T2DM subjects as compared to the other groups indicating the worsening of the disease and increasing IR in the co-existence of obesity and T2DM.
2. HOMA2-%β was significantly decreased, in T2DM subjects compared to the control group and the obese group, indicating the deterioration of the β- cell function; the hallmark in T2DM which surpasses IR in the progression of the disease.
3. Circulating serum Sfrp5 concentrations were significantly increased in non-obese T2DM subjects as compared to the control group.
4. Sfrp5 was found to be significantly correlated to FPG, HbA1c %, HOMA2-IR, TG, suggesting a potential contribution of Sfrp5 in adipose tissue dysfunction in T2DM.
5. Circulating serum WISP1 concentrations were significantly increased in obese subjects as compared to the control group.
6. WISP1 was found to be significantly correlated to WC and TG, proposing that WISP1 expression was highly correlated with adiposity.7. Finally, the observed significant positive correlation between Sfrp5 and WISP1 for the first time. Thus we can speculate the potential relationship between two metabolically active adipokines assumed to have an influence in lipid and glucose metabolism pathways via Wnt signalling pathway.