الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was divided into two parts. Part I, investigate the physiological changes in some trace elements concentration during the first four months of life in newborn lambs. The results indicated some age-related changes in hematological profile and trace elements concentration. Part II, studied the impact of experimental secondary copper deficiency (Cu-D) on goat’s heart through evaluation of electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and molecular changes in copper regulating gene expressions. A dietary copper restriction regime (combination of sulfur and molybdenum) was offered to the Cu-D group for 7 months. The time-related development of clinical abnormalities, hematological, plasma trace elements concentration, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic changes, macroscopic microscopic and molecular changes of copper regulating genes of the heart were illustrated. The results indicated increased CPK, LDH, QRS du, ST seg, AV block, increased LAAs, LVEdD, LVEdV, SV, COP, RVEdD and La/Ao, myocardial degeneration and down-regulation of copper chaperone genes in the cardiac muscles.