الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Low rectal cancer is considered an important health issue that affects threatened the patients’ life and reduced their quality of life for decades. Previously, the only curable treatment of this malignancy was achieved through radical excision of the rectum and anus with permanent colostomy. Not only could this affect the patients on the level of their health , it affected them negatively on the psychological aspect as well.
In the last three decades, this exaggerated form of radical excision was partially substituted with another technique that can prevent the need of colostomy aiming at preserving the anal sphincter and its continence function. This was attributed to many factors including better and early diagnosis, advanced oncological anticancer measures, and accordingly, the change of surgeons’ philosophy in management of this disease. This resulted in very good results as regard getting rid of the tumor side by side with a good quality life of the affected patients.
In our study, we aimed at passing through different stages of treatment of this disease with precise concentration on comparison between the old APR technique versus the recent SSR techniques; type of candidate patients , results and complications of surgery .
Our study supported to an extent the fact that these recent techniques made an excellent contribution in improving the quality of life of low rectal cancer patients.