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Abstract Background: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now established as a standard therapeutic modality for a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases. The first successful allogeneic HSCT was done with bone marrow (BM) as the source of hematopoietic stem cells in 1968. Aim of the Work: to assess the clinical outcome in Egyptian patients subjected to hemopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation for malignant and benign haematological diseases considering that the sibling donor and the patient are different in sex and identical in Human Leukocyte Antigen. Patients and Methods: Patients with benign and malignant hematological diseases who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation at Nasser institute, in the time period between January 2011 and December 2016 (6 years) were included in the study. Results: No significant difference in OS or DFS in all groups. cGVHD was significantly higher in male patients from female donors. Relapse rate was lower but NRM and aGVHD were higher in the female to male group. Conclusion: Male recipients from female donors are at higher risk to decreased incidence of relapse, an increased incidence of non-relapse mortality, acute and chronic graft versus host disease, while male donors are associated with an increased incidence of relapse |