الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The River Nile is the main source of water in Egypt. The water demand in Egypt is continuously increasing due to population growth, agricultural expansion, industrial development and rise in the standard of living. Meanwhile, Egypt share of Nile water since signing the agreement with Sudan in1959 is fixed at 55.5 billion m3/year (BCM/yr). The current water demand is about 80 BCM/yr, therefore, the current water shortage is about 20 BCM/yr and is expected to continuously increase. Further challenges facing Egypt water resources are due to water projects plans in the upper Nile countries especially in Ethiopia and Sudan. Ethiopia is currently constructing the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) with an exaggerated storage capacity of 74 BCM. Meanwhile, Sudan has ambitious plans to construct dams on the Main Nile (Kajbar, Shereik and Dal dams), and expanding its agricultural land. These projects in Ethiopia and Sudan will definitely impose negative impact on Egyptian water resources in the future. These challenges urge the country to study and implement projects that increase its water resources from the river Nile. One of these projects is concerned with water harvesting from Machar marches (MM) in South Sudan. In the present study, the monthly surface area of Machar marshes (MM) is determined using remote sensing for the years 2000 to 2017 by applying the supervised classification method in ERDAS Imagine software. Remote sensing is also used to estimate evapotranspiration rates, based on the theory of the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) model. The water balance for (MM) is studied considering the total inflow to (MM), including direct rainfall, evapotranspiration, water spilling from Baro River, and water flow from the five eastern torrents flowing to (MM) estimated by SWAT model. The monthly change in water volume, in (MM) is determined using the water balance equation. the proposed project for water harvesting in (MM) given by the present study is to construct an open channel close to the eastern side of (MM) to collect the spilled water from the Baro River and the run-off from the five eastern torrents flowing from the Ethiopian foothills. The proposed open channel of length 291.5 km extends from Khor Machar on the Baro River to Khor Adar on the White Nile. This channel will reduce the area of (MM) drastically and will result in increasing the rate of flow reaching the White Nile at Khor Adar by 6.95 billion cubic meter per year. The present study illustrates the design criteria for the proposed open channel. The channel horizontal alignment, longitudinal profile, cross sections, and estimated construction cost are also given. The estimated total cost of the channel is 40.5 Billion Egyptian pounds.