الفهرس 
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
Incidence of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in tap waterOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Twenty water samples were collected from El-Daklah City in the New Valley Governorate, ten from wells (5 deep wells and 5 shallow wells) and ten from tap water for metals (iron and zinc) detection. The metals analysis carried out in Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
A total of 120 unsexed one day old broiler chickens were used in this study. They were weighed then randomly allocated into two groups of 60 birds in each, according to water source they had been classified into (G1) received well water; (G2) received tap water. Chicks received balanced formulated diet free from any additives. Chicks were vaccinated against New Castle disease by using Hitchner B1 strain ( IZO S.P.A ,Italy ) at 7 day of age and Lassota strain ( IZO S.P.A ,Italy) at 14 ,21 and 28, day of age . Weekly, five chicks were randomly collected and weighted ( FI, BWG and FCR were estimated) before vaccination , 5 serum samples were analyzed for the antibody titers of Newcastle disease virus using ELISA and HI tests. At 21st and 35th days old, immune organ(spleen, bursa and thymus) /body weight ratios was recorded. The obtained results can be summarized as follow: The results of the examined water samples revealed that the average of Zn (0.0238 ppm) in tap water (G2) samples is higher than that reported in underground water (G1) samples (0.006 ppm). On the other hand the average of Fe in G1 is higher than G2. The results showed that the highest average BWT at the day 7 (1st week), 14(2nd w), 28(4th w), and 35(5thw) in (G2) which received tap water. On the other hand, (G1) which received ground water recorded a significant decrease (p<0.05) in BWT in the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th week of the experiment except the third week the chicks showed higher numerical values for body weight than the other group (G2). The result revealed that the BWG and FCR in G2 were higher than G1.
The body weight and weight of bursa of fabricius at 21 days old is higher in G2 than G1 , but weight of spleen and thymus is higher in G1 than G2. On the other hand the body weight and both of bursa and thymus in G2 is higher than G1. The present results showed that the mean values of well water (G1) body weight ratio, spleen, bursa and thymus were higher in spleen and bursa and lower in thymus in comparsion with chicks received tap water (G2) at 21 days old. The our results illustrated that the mean values of well water (G1) body weight ratio, spleen, bursa and thymus were higher than that reported in chicks received tap water (G2) at 35 days old. The titer of antibodies against ND virus of chicks received ground water by ELISA were nine samples positive , seventeen samples negative and four samples suspect . However our finding of the chicks receiving drinking tap water were higher in number of sixteen positive samples.
The results by HI showed that the mean of antibodies titer in tap water (7.228) was higher than well water (6.2). The histopathological alterations were severe in well group as compared with tap group. No obvious histopathological alteration were seen on tap group with the exception of the presence of mild congestion on some cases.
In El Dakhla City the ground water affect on performance and immune histopathological parameter.