الفهرس 
Autoimmunity
Leucocytes in RA PathogenesisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
RA is an autoimmune disease that involves inflammation of the synovium with progressive erosion of bone. It is mediated by a disequilibrium of Th1 subset derived cytokines including TNF-α and IFN-γ whereas the Th2 subset exerts antagonistic effect on Th1 subset by producing the anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 and IL-10. Such effect could be used as a therapeutic target in RA. Most of parasitic helminthes polarize immune response of their hosts towards antiinflammatory Th2 type. Administration of Sm and and Fh into arthritic rats suppress the inflammatory conditions resulting in amelioration of autoimmunity symptoms by up regulating Th2 type response and down regulating Th2 immune response. Animals were housed in suitable cages with free access to commercial diet and tap water and acclimatized to laboratory conditions for a period of 1 week before the commencement of the experiments. After one week of acclimatization, rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups of 6 rats each. group A: Vehicle control (Normal group), rats were injected with a single dose of 0.1 ml of physiological saline into the dorsal root of the tail. For the induction of arthritis, rats of the remaining six groups were injected i.d at the tail base avoiding the tail vein with a single dose of 0.1 ml of CFA under ether anesthesia. The time of adjuvant injection is referred to as day 0. The procedure was carried as follows: group B: CFA-induced arthritis (arthritic group), After injection of CFA the arthritic animals were kept as such without any treatment. The treatment was initiated from day 13 after arthritis induction when the first signs of joint inflammation; swelling, redness, pain, and loss of function are usually noted. group C: (CFA/ MXT/i.p); arthritic rats were treated with MXT 0.2 mg/1ml i.p once per week for two consecutive weeks. group D: (CFA/Sm/i.p); arthritic rats were treated i.p with 100 μg of Sm daily (for 15 consecutive days). group E: (CFA/ Fh/i.p); arthritic rats were treated with 100 μg of Fh i.p daily (for 15 consecutive days). group F: (CFA/Sm/i.d); arthritic rats were treated i.d with 100 μg of Sm daily (for 15 consecutive days). group G: (CFA/ Fh/i.d); arthritic rats were treated with 100 μg of Fh i.d daily (for 15 consecutive days). After 28th day, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological, biochemical and cytokines analysis. Treatments of RA rats with Sm and Fh decreased the hind paw thickness, joint deformity as confirmed by significant alteration in histopathology as compared to arthritic rats. Further, it associated with high serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor TNFα, low serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and increase in liver enzymes. Upon treatment with Fh and Sm, significant amelioration in disease impacts was observed. The overall findings suggest that the Sm appeared to be therapeutically more effective than of Fh and the i.d more effective than i.p.