الفهرس 
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Abstract
Modern technology has greatly affected buildings’ envelope, which has a significant impact on the environmental considerations, users comfort and energy consumption. This research addresses the subject of buildings’ envelopes and the external skin configurations, due to its importance as the first element facing the external environment. The contemporary studies of the environmental sustainability have made such a topic quite significant, especially in the context addressed in the research: residential buildings in Egypt. Such a domain has recently generated a broad debate and drawn increased attention among those involved in the design and management processes, owing to the problem of the increasing energy consumption, especially in the residential buildings, which is accompanied by a noticeable lack of awareness among both the designers and householders about the most suitable technology for building envelopes. Egypt has recently been suffering from increasing climate changes caused by the global warming, which has disturbed the thermal comfort and gradually increased energy consumption, especially in the cooling and heating aspects. The current economic crisis has aggravated the situation. Residential buildings in Egypt represent the largest proportion of buildings sectors, in addition, people spend more than 62% of the day in their homes. This research aims to find the proper level of building envelopes technology that applies the principles of sustainability such as increase thermal comfort and decrease the energy consumption. The research deals with all aspects that provision the good internal quality of acoustic and lighting, but focused on the side of heating and cooling as they are the main element that caused a largest consumption of energy in residential buildings in Egypt. It also aims to put guidelines for choosing the proper tech whether materials, systems or construction techniques. The research based on a systematic analysis using an Energy Plus simulation tool to test some variables of building envelope technology, the presented ideas could be of some significance in formulating useful and applied guidelines in the field of architectural design and re-design of residential buildings/projects. This research is divided into five chapters. The first chapter reveals the importance of research, the research question, problem, aims and objectives, hypothesis, methodology, scope of the research and outline of chapters. The second chapter used a literature review to define the three basic elements of research; firstly, buildings envelopes, its components and the role of each component; the focus in this research will be on the roofs and walls and windows, because they are the largest parts that exposed to the external environment and also have a greater impact on the interior spaces. Secondly, it defines the meaning of modern technology, its levels and its fields weather materials, systems, and construction techniques. The third definition is sustainability, it put criteria to be a guideline to apply sustainability on buildings envelopes technology.The research also used a descriptive analysis method in chapter three to discuss the most proper technology that is sustaining sustainability. It shows the different materials such as straw, wood, glass, concrete, metals, plastic and masonry. It also revealed the role of each material in achieving the principles of sustainability. Comparative analysis between materials is put as a guideline to choose the proper material. Secondly, systems introduced as low and high-level access to diagram that helps to determine the proper system that can be used. Thirdly, construction techniques have been explained. In the modern era, the buildings should be easily assembling and disassembling to reduce demolition, waste, reduce energy consumption and other reasons that are addressed in this chapter. Chapter four shows some examples that were necessary to study. The examples were analyzed through an objective methodology presented in the research that is applied the previous theoretical study, as well as it used a comparative analysis to study the extent to apply examples for the principles of sustainability for the buildings envelopes technology. It also uses a simulation experiment for a real building in Egypt and put a proposal for low and high tech using an Energy Plus simulation tool as an input tool for the building simulation model in three cases (base case_ low tech. Case_ high tech. Case). It also presents details of the three buildings models including the results, comparative analysis and conclusion to answer the research question. Finally, conclusions present the importance of building envelopes technology and the proper level of it that can be used in residential building in Egypt. In addition, it shows the recommendations that are required for the students, designers, researchers, and owners.