الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus represents one of the highest challenges in our century, due to the fact that in the last 20 years the number of patients with DM has doubled, at present affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide, both in developed countries and in developing ones, as well.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a form of diabetes mellitus in which not enough insulin is produced by islet cells in the pancreas and subsequently results in high blood sugar levels. However, the exact cause of T1DM is still unknown. In most cases, it is an autoimmune disease.
The triggering of autoimmunity against beta-cells arises from a multifaceted interaction between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. Abnormal miRNA expressions have been described in autoimmune diseases and T1DM. Polymorphisms in genes codifying miRNAs may alter the expression of the corresponding miRNA and, thus, confer susceptibility for a given disease.
The present work is a case control study that included 122 type1diabetic children and adolescents and 101 unrelated healthy controls. The patients were recruited from Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Beni-Suef University. They were 52 males (42.6%) and 70 females (57.4%), with a mean age of 10.8 ± 4.5 SD for the diabetic group.
The aim of the study is detection the prevalence of the association between polymorphism in genes encoding miR-155 rs767649 and miR-146a rs2910164 and T1DM.
All children and adolescents included in the study were subjected to a detailed history, complete general examination, anthropometric assessment (weight, height, pubertal assessment) and laboratory tests (HbA1c, serum high density lipoprotein, serum high density lipoprotein, serum triglycerides, TSH, freeT4).
The study showed there is a significant association between miR-146 rs2910164 gene polymorphism and T1DM but there is no association between miR-155 rs767649 and T1DM.
The study showed a significant positive relation between the miR-146 rs2910164 polymorphisms and microalbuminuria, HDL and gender and a negative relation to HbA1c,TGS , TSH, FT4 and family history of DM and HTN.
The study showed a significant positive relation between the miR-155 rs767649 and TGs and a negative relation to HbA1c, HDL, TSH, FT4, gender, family history of DM and HTN.
The study showed a higher incidence of T1DM in females than males.
In conclusion miR-146a polymorphisms is associated with protection for T1DM in Egyptian children, while miR-155 rs767649 polymorphism is not associated with T1DM.