الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cataracts are treatable through cataract surgery, the most common procedure performed in ophthalmology and supplemented with a pair of
spectacles.
To overcome the burden of catract blindness, there must be sufficient surgical coverage and good surgical outcomes with early visual rehabilitation and postoperative emmetropia.
In the 20th century Intracapsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE) was the main form of lens removal
The method that was preferred in the 1980s was extra capsular
cataract extraction ECCE.
The phacoemulsification procedure was first performed on the human eye by charles Kelman in 1967.
Phacoemulsification is the most popular procedure to treat cataracts in patients in the developing world, the reasons for this popularity is that Phaco is safe and gives better visual outcomes, with early visual rehabilitation and emmetropia.
Phacoemulsification is a technique employed for the removal of cataracts using machine and micro-surgical instruments.
Kelman initially used Supracapsular phacoemulsification technique, but he did so without protection of the endothelium through use of OVDs. The essence of this technique involves prolapsing the nucleus through the capsulorrhexis during hydrodissection and then either repositing the nucleus on top of the capsular bag.
This approach theoretically reduces the stress on the zonules during nucleus manipulation. It can be used in small -pupil cases but requires medium to large capsulorhexis.
During phacoemulsification, heat transferred from the probe to the cornea can result in stromal shrinkage. A phaco tip held too close to corneal endothelium allows the ultrasonic energy to injure and cause loss of endothelial cells.
In this study 20 eyes were included of 14 patients with cataract admitted to the Ophthalmology Department at Beni-Suef University Hospitals and (MIOR) for Supracapsular Phacoemulsification Technique between March and April 2018.
All patients underwent cataract surgery performed by the same surgeon (supracapsular phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens).
In our study the range of Preoperative BCVA were 20/200 - 20/1200 and Postoperative BCVA were 20/20 - 20/60.
In our study the Mean of changes of central corneal thickness CCT after one month was 19.85 pm changed to - 9.250 um three months postoperatively.
In our study the mean endothelial cell loss after one month postoperatively was 360.8 cells/mm’ reduced to 488 cells/mm’ after three months postoperatively.
As regard the mean of the coefficient of variation in cell size after one month postoperatively was 8.750 increased to 13.90 after three months in other words the corneal endothelium rearrange their shape to cover the defects as they do not regenerate.
While the mean of the changes of endothelial cell hexagonality after one month postoperatively was 5.250% increased to 13.65% after three months.
The causes of endothelial injury have been related to the mechanical effects of ultrasound, movements of lens fragments and air bubbies addition to high fluid turbulence in the anterior chamber.
In this study Supracapsular phacoemulsification technique is an excellent option for uneventful cataract surgery for cataract cases with nuclear density I &II.