الفهرس 
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Abstract
This prospective observational analytic cohort study was carried out on 80 patients admitted in the respiratory ICU of Menoufia university hospital in the period from January to October 2017.
Inclusion criteria:
All patients with chest diseases admitted in the respiratory ICU.
Exclusion criteria:
1- Previous hospitalization in an ICU for more than 7 days within the past 30 days.
2- Neutropenia.
3- Diabetes mellitus.
4- Antifungal therapy within the 7 days preceding ICU admission.
After having an informed consent from the patient or his relatives, all patients were subjected to
1- Medical history taking and physical examination.
2- Routine laboratory investigations including liver and kidney function tests and complete blood count.
3- Chest X-ray.
4- Fungal culture of sputum in non-intubated patients and tracheal aspirate in intubated patients (All patients 80).