الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Ethanol amine Oleate sclerosing agent in chronic tempromandibular joint dislocation.
This study were conducted on eight New Zealand rabbits, about six months old, with average weight 2 to 3 kilograms. The animals were kept under the same nutritional and environmental conditions in the animal house, the Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.
Rabbits were divided into two groups:
group I (Study Group): include eight rabbits which were injected by Ethanolamine Oleate sclerosing agent in TMJ capsular and pericapsular tissue in the right side.
group II (Control Group): include eight rabbits (left side of the same rabbits) were acting as a control group.
The pericapsular tissue area surrounding the tempromandibular joint area showed similar histopathological aspects in all samples .In fact the pericapsular area showed angiogenesis with presence of fiber, new formed bone and cartilagenous hyaline tissue confirming the diagnosis of fibroblastic activity followed by zone of endochondral ossification and trabecullar bone mixed with bone structures.
Two weeks post operatively, the defect areas were filled with an increasingly cellular and granulation tissue with newly formed collagen fibers, they were seen to be distributed haphazardly. This mass of cells appeared to be in continuity with subchondral bone.
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Study group
Histological examination revealed inflammation at the healing area as a reparative nature post operatively.
After one week microscopic features showed fragments of traumatized tissue in the defect area surrounded by blood clot, numerous infiltrating inflammatory cells and profound dilated blood vessels as well as lymphatic spaces.
After 2 weeks, microscopic examination revealed granulation tissue arising from vascular subchondral bone, proliferating fibroblasts and newly formed collagen fibers. They were seen to be distributed haphazardly. This cellular proliferating tissue mass appeared to be in continuity with the subcondral bone.
The start of reorganization of repairing tissue in the capsular and subcapsular defect area appeared 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively.
After 4 to 6 weeks re-establishment of cell layers began and was accompanied by the appearance of labeled cells within cartilage tissue at the margins of the defects area. This cellular activity extended into the zone of repair as a proliferative layer above the fibrous articular zone.
The intercellular matrix was firstly formed of fibrin filling the defect area to be rapidly replaced by collagen fibers which occupied the extent of the defect until separate cell layers were established (collagen fibrillogenesis).
Progressive healing at the articular defect area were formed with hypertrophic chondrocytes and re-established cartilagenous tissue with wounded area.
Some area of neochondrogenesis were seen in specimens between 6-8 weeks. The newly formed cartilage appear in the subchondral bone around
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margins of the defect area. Dense collagen fibers were found throughout the articular and proliferative layers as well as in this intercellular areas within the hypertrophic zone in condylar cartilage.
Remodeling of both cartilage and bone at the margins of defect area has been shown to affect the outcome of articular surface repair
Osteoblastic activity began to restore the deficiency in subchondral bone making the defect shallower.
Regenerative capacity of condylar cartilage was measured by repairing the standardized full thickness articular defect .Healing wound of the defect area was performed by reconstruction of all tissue elements of condylar cartilage within 6 to 8 weeks of wound defect.
In conclusion, the superiority of intracapsular injection of Ethanolamine Oleate was successful in study. The technique is a simple, safe, and cost-effective & proved to be successful in TMJ dislocation treatment . The goal of Ethanolamine Oleate injection as a non-invasive technique is mainly a curative and preventive therapy as well, to prevent recurrent TMJ dislocations.
However, more clinical and experimental studies should be performed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment modality.