الفهرس 
Normal wound healing processOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The delay of wound healing is one of medical complications associated with diabetic diseases. Diabetic foot ulcers form a suitable media for growing of various microorganisms. A wound infection causes pain, discomfort, inconvenience, disability, financial drain, and even death to the patients due to complications such as septicemia. Antimicrobial wound dressing agents based on polymeric materials have been drawing considerable interests for boosting the wound healing process. This study was undertaken to inspect the preponderance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in microbial infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in north Egypt. Moreover, their later impact on the patients and previous antibiotic therapies was taken into consideration. To accomplish this goal, twenty-two of diabetic foot patients with purulent wounds were enrolled in this prospective study. These wounds were swabbed, and microbial profiles showed a predominance of monomicrobial infections (77.3%), while polymicrobial infections were found in 22.7%. A total of 24 bacterial isolates (15 gram-positive and 9 gram-negative) and four yeast isolates were perceived. The antibiotics susceptibility patterns of bacteria were studied and four bacteria were selected based on their resistance toward more than six of empirical antibiotics. They were identified using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences and phenotypic characteristics through VITEK 2 system as A. baumanni MT3 (KY421195), S. aureus MT1 (KY421197), K. pneumonia MT2 (KY421196), and S. aureus MT4 (KY421198). While, one yeast isolate was opted following the antifungal susceptibility tests, which identified employing 18S rRNA nucleotide sequences and biochemical tests as C. albicans MT5 (MG851796). These findings might effectively help to avert the severe complications of DFIs besides our endeavors to find new antimicrobial wound dressings. Gluten (wheat protein) was coupled with cinnamaldehyde (the main components of cinnamon oil) to prepare novel gluten Schiff base. The factors affecting Schiff base bond formation were studied including reaction temperature, time, as well as molar ratio between gluten and cinnamaldehyde. The structure of the prepared gluten derivatives was verified employing different techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic spectra (UV-Vis spectroscopy), and Scan electron microscope (SEM).Moreover, thermal characteristics were investigated using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis. Antimicrobial activities of prepared derivatives were evaluated against the isolated bacteria and yeast strains. Polymeric membranes were fabricated from the prepared gluten-cinnamaldehyde Schiff bases additionally; this membrane should have particular features to implement as a promising candidate for wound dressing. Therefore, physical characterization of membranes was studied such as ion exchange capacity, water uptake, surface roughness, wettability, electronic spectrum and color measurement of membranes, in addition to mechanical analysis. Moreover, In vitro evaluations of the fabricated membranes were investigated through the examination of membranes haemocompatibility and thrombogenicity. Furthermore, in vivo studies were applied on rats as animal model to appraise the capacity of the prepared membranes as wound dressing materials to promote the wound healing. As a consequence of the obtained results, it could be recapitulated that the glutencinnamyl membrane might be implemented as an effective antimicrobial wound dressing material.