الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pediatric dermatoses are common problems especially in school-age children, particularly in developing countries. These diseases are mediated by many factors as: socio-economic standards, personal hygiene and public sanitation. Pityriasis alba is one the most common skin disease in pediatric age group and it is considered a minor form of atopic dermatitis due to its strong association with atopy. It is by far the most common hypopigmentation disorder in children. Pityriais alba is more evident in males and in darker skin phototype. It show a largely difference prevalence in different counties, even in different locations in one country and also shows seasonal variations. The etiology of Pityriasis alba is not well understood, but it can largely be attributed to atopic dermatitis (itching, scaling and erythema) and post inflammatory hypopigmentation. Implication of several micro-organisms has been suggested but never proved. The most important risk factors of Pityriasis alba is Atopy, sun exposure and seasonal exacerbations are also important risk factors. Other factors that may play a role in Pityriasis alba lesions are: personal hygiene, socio-economic status, dietary deficiency, anemia and parasitic infestations. Pityriasis alba passes in three main stages; erythema, scaling and hypopigmentation. The disease usually affects the face but may involve other sites in lesser percentages. The lesions are usually small 0.5-5 cm and multiple. In many cases the disease passes un-noticed until hypopigmentation occurs or accidentally discovered. In symptomatizing cases, there is usually itching specially in erythema stage, usually the affected persons express manifestations or family history of Atopy. Diagnosis of Pityriasis alba is mainly clinical, however other means could be used to confirm the diagnosis in doubtful cases like examination under wood’s lamp, Potassium Hydroxide- prepared skin scrapes to exclude fungal infection and punch skin biopsy. Laboratory investigations are used mainly for diagnosis of risk factors as anemia and parasitic infestations. In our study we targeted Pityriasis alba and focused on Kafr El-Shaik Ateya village of Sherbine district as an example of rural population in Egypt. We directed our research towards elementary school children of Al-Shahid Ahmed Khalil School, taking in one class from each grade as a representative cross section. We conducted this work to identify the magnitude of Pityriasis Alba among the elementary school children in kafr El-Sheikh Attia village, Sherbein, Dakahlia Governorate, to estimate the prevalence of Pityriasis Alba among the elementary school children in kafr El-sheikh Attia and to find out the factors associated with the Pityriasis Alba affection among primary school children. We collected our data using a specially designed questionnaire directed for children parents or guardians involving questions about factors in matter for study and by conducting physical examination to point out the affected cases. Blood and stool samples were also collected and run in the local family center laboratory. We processed our data to calculate prevalence of Pityriasis alba trying to find any significant relations between the disease and its known risk factors in the community of research.