الفهرس 
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Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major health problem as it is one of the most common bacterial infections. The predominant causative organism is Escherichia coli (E. coli).The incidence of UTI is higher in women compared with men across all age groups. Urinary tract infections occur four times more frequently in females than males.Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection. The most common symptoms are burning with urination and having to urinate frequently (or an urge to urinate) in the absence of vaginal discharge and significant pain. These symptoms may vary from mild to severe. In healthy women last an average of six days. Some pain above the pubic bone or in the lower back may be present. People experiencing an upper urinary tract infection, or pyelonephritis, may experience flank pain, fever, or nausea and vomiting in addition to the classic symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection . Uropathogenic E. coli from the gut is the cause of 80–85% of community-acquired urinary tract infections ,with Staphylococcus saprophyticus being the cause in 5–10%. Rarely they may be due to viral or fungal infections. Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (mostly related to urinary catheterization) involve a much broader range of pathogens including: E. coli (27%), Klebsiella (11%), Pseudomonas (11%), the fungal pathogen Candida albicans (9%), and Enterococcus (7%) .