الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 163 |  |  |
| | | from | 163 | | |
Abstract
As a result of great deal of attention and interest which has been directed towards the study of redox state of cells and oxidative stress, antioxidant alteration, result from inability of cells to maintain intracellular balance.
Also there is a great interest toward the effect of oxidative stress on intermediary metabolism, as alteration in metabolic hormones level and key enzymes of CAC and respiratory chain, which in turn affects all cellular function as well as the central role of liver in drug metabolism which predispose it to toxic injury.
Owing to increasing dependency of tramadol over other substances in our Egyptian community although a lot of researches indicates the toxic impact of tramadol on biochemical and histopathological aspects, the present study was designed to throw further light on the investigation of the possible serious effect of different doses of tramadol HCL on the regulation of intermediary metabolism and also its effect on redox state of liver cells.
The present study deals with the following parameter:
1. Hepatic α ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
2. Hepatic xanthine oxidase activity.
3. Hepatic cytochrome oxidase activity.
4. Hepatic Catalase enzyme activity.
5. Hepatic glutathione system level:
(Total Glutathione, reduced GSH, oxidized GS.SG, and Glutathione Quotient).
6. Serum MDA level.
7. Serum cortisol level.
8. Serum insulin level.
To achieve that the following protocol.