الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
In this study we aimed to find the correlation between primary nocturnal enuresis and hypercalciuria.
This study included:
1) group (I): fifty (100) children complaining from primary nocturnal enuresis. 48.0% (n=48) of the enuretic children were males and 52.0% (n=58) were females.
2) group (II): fifty (100) children were taken as a control group. 42% (n=42) were males and 58% (n=58) were females they were age and sex matched.
Enuretic children with the presence of vesico-ureteral reflux, history of urinary tract infection during the last month, nutrition with ketogenic diet or any treatment with corticosteroids, or diuretics in the last month, or high-dose vitamin D in the last 6 months (medications like drops, syrup, or ampoule), children suffered from major fracture in lower extremities or bed rest for a long time, children with symptoms (including urgency, frequency, dysuria) or abdominal pain or untreated constipation (to avoid coincidence of above-mentioned urinary symptoms) and children usually wearing tights pants (this may predispose children to develop urinary symptoms or urinary tract infection), or children who did not undergo circumcision all were excluded.
Control group were chosen to have healthy children with matched age and sex with the study group.
The study and control group included in our study were subjected to complete history taking, through clinical examination. They were also subjected to laboratory investigations including determining the urine calcium/creatinine ratio. Subjects with hypercalciuria were investigated for the etiology of their hypercalciuria via blood samples including measuring alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine.
Our study revealed that Ur. Ca/Cr ratio was elevated in NE patients than control ones (0.16 vs. 0.14) in cases and control groups respectively. The present results revealed that there was no significant difference in laboratory investigations between hypercalciuric cases in NE group and Hypercalciuric cases in control group.
Also In the present study, blood urea nitrogen concentration was increased (but not significantly) in NE group than control; however, Urinary creatinine was elevated significantly in cases group (48.5 vs. 44.9 mg/dl) in cases and control groups respectively.
So we concluded that there is the correlation between nocturnal enuresis and hypercalciuria.