الفهرس 
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Abstract
Wide Area Protection (W AP) techniques provide effective protection philosophy based on the wide area measurements gathered from phasor
measurement units (PMUs). PMUs play a vital role in achieving the Wide
Area Protection (W AP) objectives and functionalities. Hence, the PM Us
should placed in strategic locations in the power network to gain the most
possible information.
The cost PMUs and its deployment is very. expensive. Moreover, it is
neither economical nor desirable to install PMU at each bus of the system.
Thus, minimizing the PMUs is a challenging issue addressed in research.
Optimal PMU placement is studied for normal observability and fault
observability analysis. Optimal PMU placement for the fault observability
purpose has not been extensively discussed in research. Moreover, fault
observability analysis requires more constraints than normal observability
and consequently suffers from complex analysis and heavy computational
burden for large-scale networks particularly.
Conventional protection uses only data from single device to protect
equipment and uses backup protection to reserve the primary protection in
case of not operated. However, the difficulty of coordination of individual relays lead to the mal-operation of the conventional protection algorithms as a backup protection.
This dissertation contributed to the development of a new optimal PMU placement algorithm for the entire network fault observability. The
proposed method provides the optimal PMU placement for any network configuration and achieving the fault observability. The proposed method
is based on the Hierarchical Clustering approach and topological rules for the optimal placement.
The proposed algorithm is achieved through four steps. The first
stage is achieved by simulating fault in the studied network to obtain the
post fault change in voltage (~V) at each bus. Then, the ~ V is used to
build the network connectivity matrix (CM) and forming a new developed
Faulted Connectivity Matrix (FCM) that describing the network topology
under fault conditions.
The correlation between the system buses is obtained, in the second
stage, by applying Pearson correlation coefficient. Hierarchical Clustering
technique is given, in the third stage, to cluster the network into coherent zones to find the most correlated buses. Finally, the optimal location of the PMUs is identified within each coherent zone based on four proposed topological placement rules.
The proposed algorithm is tested under a variety of fault cases for different standard test systems with different topological configurations to verify the simplicity and effectiveness of the algorithm.
A new wide area protection method is developed in this dissertation
based on the change in voltage magnitude (~V) and the rate of change of voltage phase angle (du/dt) due to the fault occurrence.
The change in voltage magnitude (~V) and the fast rate of change of
the voltage phase angle (du/dt) are used simultaneously to detect the fault condition and identify the faulted area. The faulted area is determined by identifying the nearest three buses to the fault and defined as the faulted area boundary buses. The faulted area boundary buses are determined by selecting the buses with the maximum values of both (~V) and (dfl/dt) obtained from the optimal PMUs deployed over the grid.
The fault current path direction is determined within the faulted area
using the change in the phase angle difference between the voltage and
current phasors (~<I». Subsequently, the faulted section is identified.
The proposed wide area protection method is fast and solved many of
the limitations of the previously proposed protection methods.
The proposed protection algorithm is on the New England 39-bus test
system to verify the algorithm performance and robustness. A variety of different fault types, load encroachment and power swing conditions are simulated to test the algorithm performance