الفهرس 
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Abstract
assess systolic and diastolic cardiac function. Parameters of TDI
velocities vary with growth, studies in pediatrics are limited by small
sample size and inconsistent methods.
Routine use of TDI as noninvasive echocardiographic measure
for assessment of ventricular systolic and diastolic function is still
limited. Also in Egypt, there are not yet reference values for TDI
parameters among Egyptian pediatrics.
Reference values of TDI differ according to anthropometric
measurements, racial and environmental factors so each country
should use its own reference value.
The aim of this study is to establish normal baseline values for
left ventricular velocities and timings measured by pulsed TDI in a
sample of pediatric Egyptian population using Z score tables and to
investigate the effect of demographic features [age, HR, BSA and sex]
on TDI velocities and timings.
The study was carried on 208 healthy Egyptian children
referred to our cardiology unit of Menoufia university hospital due to
presence of a cardiac murmur, cardiomegaly in chest x-ray or ECG
abnormality and found to be normal by clinical examination and
Echocardiography.
Their age ranged from two months to two years (146 were
males and 62 were females).All infants and children were subjected to
history taking, clinical examination, investigation (CBC, chest x-ray,
ECG, Echocardiography including mitral inflow PWD, M mode and
pulsed TDI on lateral and septal mitral annuli).