الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the second main deadly disease for women worldwide. Recently, Drugs based natural products have provided chances for the development of various antitumor molecules. Also 5-FU chemotherapeutic drug which commonly used as anticancer drug by inhibiting biological processes of the cancer cells. In present study, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, crude, aqueous and n-butanol were used for the successive extraction of phytochemicals present in the Chili pepper, which considered as promising agent for the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Antioxidant activities were measured in lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of Chili pepper with four assays which are (DPPH ) 2, 2’-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl assay, (ABTS) 2,2’-azino-bis[3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] assay, (GPX) Glutathione peroxidase assay and (SOD) Superoxide dismutase assay. Methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, crude, aqueous and n-butanol fractions revealed their radical scavenging properties. The results explore that the most potent radical scavenging properties of fractions are (methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and n-butanol). This reveals that Chili pepper is capable of damaging oxidation byproducts and can remain as an effective antioxidant compound. Anticancer potential of petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of chili pepper and in combination with 5-FU was detected by MTT assay, Apoptosis induction was determined using Annexin-V binding assay while Quantitative Real-Time PCR which was also used for analyzing the changes in p53, Bax, Her-2 and Bcl-2 gene expression. Results indicated that methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions have the highest inhibitory effect of growth and viability in MCF-7 cells in combination with drug and this explain low values of IC50 in the presence of these fractions. characterization of fractions with highest antioxidant activity, lowest inhibitory concentration of the most cytotoxic fractions (IC50) with GC- Mass spectroscopy. Based on GC-MS analysis of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate extracts of Chili pepper; Capsaicin, Eicosanoid, Hexadecanoic acid, Palmitic acid and N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-8-methylnonanamide were identified as major potential compounds that may be responsible for producing anticancer activity in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Results of antioxidant assay indicated that methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and n-butanol were fractions with the highest antioxidant activity. After that, results of the MTT assay, apoptosis and RT- PCR shown that antioxidant compounds in the extracts lowered cell viability, increases the apoptotic induction of MCF-7 and G2/M phase arrest. Apoptosis induction was determined using Annexin-V binding assay and Quantitative Real-Time PCR, which was also used for analyzing the changes in P53, Bax, Her-2 and Bcl-2 genes expression. Proposed mechanism of action of this treatment method confirmed by RT-PCR where down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Her-2 expression genes in case of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate extracts compared to the other fractions and the control and combination with 5-FU. Also it shows the observed increase in the pre-apoptotic genes Bax and p53 which induces apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of major compounds, which act as anticancer, and antioxidant in Chili pepper. Hence, a pharmacological approach can be considered as useful tool for the discovery of new drug.