الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective :This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness treatment effects of a simple buccal technique for maxillary molars distalization using direct buccal skeletal anchorage. Methods : After a sample size calculation, eleven female patients were selected with the following inclusion criteria: age range from 11 to 14 years old with a mean age 12 years and 4 months, mild to moderate maxillary crowding not exceeding 6 mm, non-extraction treatment in the lower arch and no orthodontic treatment before distal molar movement. The maxillary molar distalization was done using 250 grams of force produced from Ni-Ti closed coil spring stretched to a buccal miniscrew. Orthodontic records were taken for all patients before and after molar distalization. Results : The maxillary molars were distalized for a mean period of 4.9 months. The rate of the maxillary molars distalization was 0.89 ± 0.30 mm and 0.83 ± 0.19 mm per month with a mean molar distalization amount of 4.09 ± 0.92 mm and 3.98 ± 1.20 mm as measured from the cephalometric x-rays and model photocopies respectively. They were distally tipped by 2.48° ± 6.16 and rotated distopalatally by 11.89° ± 5.86 with negligible change in their vertical position. There was no anchorage loss evident by the distal movement of all the maxillary teeth (P <0.001). Also, there were a significant reduction in the overjet by 0.86 ± 0.50 mm and a negligible reduction in overbite by 0.18 ± 0.34 mm. This resulted in retrusion of the upper lip. There was a significant change in the vertical dimension presented as 0.59° ± 0.74 increase in the FMA angle with a resultant downward and backward rotation of the mandible by 0.59° ± 0.74. However, minimal anteroposterior skeletal changes were recorded. Conclusion : Maxillary molar distalization using a closed coil and buccal miniscrew is effective and non-compliance dependent in a relatively short time.