الفهرس 
Central Nervous System DepressantsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
There is a difference between drug abuse and drug dependence.
Any illegal drug use, or any use of prescription or non-prescription
medication use beyond what is prescribed by a medical professional, or
any use of a chemical to get high, is drug abuse.
Criteria for dependence include: compulsion, tolerance to the drug
where greater doses are required to produce an effect, withdrawal
symptoms and multiple unsuccessful attempts to desist from, or at least
control substance use. Dependence has been shown to have a neurochemical
basis and is widely considered as a disease process
Co- occurance of SUD and psychiatric disorders is common .It is
important to diagnose these disorders and to install preventive and
therapeutic programs in clinical therapeutic settings.
The widespread use of illicit substances has raised many concerns
over its long-term effects. Often these have been about the effects of
chronic use on mental health. However, the frequent practice of substance
use also raises concerns over its potential for adverse effects on the
respiratory system.
This study sought to compare psychosocial, psychiatric and
medical correlates of 30 patients suffering SUD, chosen randomly from
psychiatric hospital inpatient SUD unit, to 30 matched controls
The psychoactive substances predominantly used were tobacco
(86.7%), cannabis (60%), tramadol (50%), and benzodiazepines, (30%),
hallucinogens (16.7%),and anabolic steroids(10%). 30 cases of
dependence were: tobacco (50%), cannabis (40%), alcohol (20 %), heroin
(16.7%), and benzodiazepines (20%). The mean age at onset was 14.8
104
years (range: 9–18) for tobacco consumption, 14.5 years (range: 14–20)
for alcohol, 15.2 years (range: 12–22) for tramadol, and 15.3 years
(range: 11–18) for cannabis.
Both groups showed severely affected lifetime psychosocial
backgrounds.. Of the SUDs group, 60% had been victims of physical
maltreatment compared with 33.3% of the non-SUD group, the difference
was significant (p<0.03). Of the SUDs group, 30% lost a first-degree
relative, compared with 13.3% of the non-SUD group (p<0.04). In
addition, 70% of the SUDs group dropped out of the school system,
compared with 43.3% of the non-SUD group (p<0.04). of the SUD
group,40%of suicide attempts compared with 20% of the non-SUD, the
difference was significant.
The rates of psychotic disorders (70%), depressive episodes (60%)
and personality disorders(60%), were significantly higher in the SUDs
group when compared to the non-SUD group.
Patients with SUD had more sore throat, chest wheezing, and chest
tightness compared to control group(p<0.05).
Also there was a significant number of patients who
developedrhinopharyngitis, bronchitis and asthma exacerbations in the
SUD group when compared to control group,(p < 0.05).
It was found thatFEV1 and PEFR were significantly reduced in
SUD compared to control group, (p<0.05).
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A major implication of our findings is the need for the
simultaneous evaluation of both substance abuse and psychiatric and
respiratory disorders in the inpatient population. A multidisciplinary
approach (psychiatric, substance dependence, and social) provides the
most up-to-date and comprehensive aspects of evaluation and therapy in
SUD.
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