الفهرس 
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Abstract
Foot massage is easy, costless and non-invasive procedure. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of foot massage on anxiety and pain level among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Methods: The study was carried out at cardiac catheterization unit, at Shibeen Al-Kom, Menoufia University Hospital in a period from February 2018 to July 2018.A convenience sample of 120 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization assigned randomly into two equal groups, 60 patients for each group: Study group (I): received foot massage therapy. Control group (Π): received usual hospital care only.Instruments of the study:Three instruments were utilized for data collection:Instrument I- Structure Interview Patient Assessment Instrument: It
was developed and used by the researcher to assess sociodemographic & medical data Instrument II- State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), (1994): It was developed by Spielberger, charles, Sydeman & Sumner, (1994) for assessing anxiety level. This instrument consisted of 20 items for assessing anxiety. Instrument III -Visual Analogue Pain scale (VAS). This scale was developed by Bain, Kuwahata, Raymod & Foster, (2005). It was used to assess level of pain intensity.Summary- 89 -The main findings of current study were:-1. There was a statistically significance difference related to pain level between studied groups post foot massage.2. There was a highly statistically significance difference related to anxiety level between studied groups post foot massage.3. There was a highly positive correlation between total score of patients’ anxiety & total score of patients’ pain among studied groups.Recommendations:Based on the findings of the current study the following recommendation suggested.(1)For Patients and nursing practice:• Patients should be assessed routinely before cardiac catheterization procedure regarding their anxiety and pain level.• Patients scheduled for cardiac catheterization should be provided
with both written and verbal information about techniques of foot massage and its benefits.• Foot massage should be applied as a part of the overall patient’s management and must be routinely carried before cardiac catheterization.(2) For future researches:• Replication of this study is recommended with several design changes such as, using large sample size; using of randomized selection to achieve appropriate representation of population; and conducting the study in a larger scale to include multicenter to attain more generalized results.