الفهرس 
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Abstract
Down syndrome is common chromosomal disorder with many thousands of babies were born annually carrying this disorder. Marked improvement in their quality of life and life expectancy occurred over last decades, mainly because advance of medical care.
Many medical problems are common among DS population including: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, neurodevelopmental, endocrinal and immunological problems. Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrinopathy detected in DS, occurs congenitally or acquired mostly due to AIT.
Many of the manifestations of thyroid dysfunction in DS are nonspecific, and may be attributed faultily to DS itself. Early detection and proper management of AIT is very important to prevent further intellectual deterioration and improve quality of life.
The aim of the present study was to: outline epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial and radiological aspects of AIT among children and adolescents with DS.
Sixty children and adolescents with DS from those coming for follow up in outpatient clinics of Alexandria University Children’s Hospital and from students of Al Ershad school for special needs at Kom Hamada.
Data were collected through:
• Detailed history taking and detailed clinical examination with emphasis on symptoms and signs of thyroid dysfunction.
• Serum assessment for TSH, fT3, fT4, anti-TPO and anti-Tg.
• Ultrasound examination of thyroid gland with emphasis on echogenicity as well as thyroid gland volume and vascularity.