الفهرس 
Cellulosie Acetate (CA) MembraneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Most countries use Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination process to get pure water for drinking and other purposes. This desalination method becomes the common method as it is cheap compared with thermal methods but it suffers from some of disadvantages. As it needs high driving pressure to overcome the feed water osmotic pressure. Also, salt deposit on the membrane layers from saline feed water can reduce membrane water recovery and increases costs of energy. In this study, Matlab algorithm and reverse osmosis system analysis (ROSA) program are used to study the effect of many parameters on the performance of RO membrane. ROSA is simulation software that is used for the design of RO systems by Dow Company. The package is used for the design of desalination system using the Filmtec™ range of membranes which are produced by Dow Company. In this study enhancement of RO membrane performance by two ways is achieved. First method uses zeolite bed as a pretreatment for RO membrane in desalination process. Second method uses thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane instead of thin film composite (TFC) membrane, the results show that using TFN membrane increases the membrane flux with nearly no effect on membrane salt rejection. The experimental set up consists of feed pump integrated with speed controller for ion exchange bed (IX) and IX bed filled with zeolite by required mass. RO system consists of feed water pump, RO membrane with pressure vessel and pressure gauge. The system is completed with electrical conductivity meter and pH measurement sensor. The system is suitably V SUMMARY instrumented to measure different operational parameters and effect of system set up on the experimental system ability. The impact of many parameters on the interpretation of the IX process is experimentally tested. These parameters are: 1. Feed water concentrations. 2. Zeolite mass in the IX bed. 3. Zeolite bead size. Many parameters which affect the performance of ion exchange bed can’t be studied in the present experimental work. The detailed simulation for IX process by Matlab programming language, the effect of many parameters on the IX bed performance can be predicted. The studied parameters are bed diameter and feed water flow rate to IX bed. The effect of using produced water from IX process as feed water to the RO system on its performance is studied. Membrane recovery and salt rejection are used as indication to set RO membrane performance. Acomparision between the effect of using TFN and TFC membrane in RO process is studied by calculating the membrane flux, membrane water recovery, membrane salt rejection, membrane water permeability, membrane salt permeability and specific energy consumption. This thesis includes seven chapters: Chapter one: This chapter includes an introduction about RO system and its problems as it requires high pressure to overcome the osmotic pressure of saline water and salt precipitation on membrane layers which reduces RO membrane efficiency with time. Using IX process and two different types of RO desalination process. two: This chapter contains previous work for using IX process in water treatments and using zeolite for different purposes as removing specific ions from water. Using TFN- RO membrane to enhance the performance of RO process. Chapter three: This chapter discusses methods and procedures that are used to construct the present work test rig and carry out experiments in order to study the effect of using zeolite IX bed as a pre stage of RO system on its performance. The study is made by using two types of RO membranes. The studied types are TFC-RO membrane (conventional) and TFN-RO membrane (new type). System description, operation and measuring instruments are presented in this chapter. Chapter four: This chapter contains a theoretical work. Mathematical model which is used by Matlab algorithm to study the effect of different operating parameters on RO membrane performance is presented in this chapter. Chapter five: This chapter includes the experimental and theoretical studies results and its discussions and analysis. Chapter six: Cost analysis for using IX bed before RO membrane in the desalination process is presented in this chapter. Chapter seven: Conclusions for the experimental and theoretical results of this work and recommendations for future work are mentioned in this chapter.