الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 138 |  |  |
| | | from | 138 | | |
Abstract
This study was conducted on onion (cv. Giza 6) plants during the winter growing seasons of 2017/2018 and poultry manure in addition to mineral fertilizer on vegetative growth and 2018/2019, to study the effect of some organic fertilizers, i.e., cattle manure, yield plants under New Valley conditions.
Therefore, a field experiment was carried and its components, bulb traits as well as some chemical constituents of onion out in sandy soil at Agricultural Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replicates included 9 treatments. Experimental plot consist of four rows each row was 3 m length and 60 cm in wide. The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
5.1. Vegetative growth characters:
5.1.1. Plant height (cm):
Generally, all of the tested poultry manure treatments significantly surpassed the treatment of cattle manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers. Applying poultry manure treatment at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) showed the most pronounced effect on plant height giving significantly tallest plants at 30 days after transplanting in the first season and at 60 days after transplanting in the second season of study compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
On the other hand, the increase in plant height was significant by applying poultry manure treatment at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) at 90 days after transplanting in the second season and there were non-significant at 120 days after transplanting in both seasons of study compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
5.1.2. Number of leaves/plant:
Significant difference were found among the tested fertilizers regarding number of leaves/plant, where plants fertilized by poultry manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) were significantly increased number of leaves/plant at 30 and 60 days after transplanting in both seasons of study as compared with either cattle manure or mineral fertilizers (control) treatments.
On the other hand, the increase in number of leaves/plant was significant by applying poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) at 90 days after transplanting in the second season and was non-significant at 120 days after transplanting in both seasons of study compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
5.1.3. Fresh weight/plant (g):
The increase in fresh weight of onion plants was significant by applying poultry manure treatment at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) at 30 days after transplanting in the second season and at 60 days after transplanting in both seasons of study compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
On the other hand, the increase in fresh weight of onion plants was significant by applying poultry manure treatment at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) at 90 and 120 days after transplanting compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
5.1.4. Dry weight/plant (g):
Significant differences were found among the tested fertilizers regarding dry weight/plant parameter. Applying poultry manure treatment at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) gave the highest values for dry weight of plant compared with cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) at 30 and 60 days after transplanting in both seasons. The increase was significant at 30 days after transplanting and was non-significant at 60 days after transplanting in both seasons compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
While, poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) recorded the highest values for dry weight of plant compared with cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) at 90 and 120 days after transplanting in both seasons. The increase in dry weight of plant was significant at 90 days after transplanting in the second season and was non-significant at 120 days after transplanting in both seasons compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
The increases in total dry weight of plant were about 10.99 and 11.46% for applying poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) at 120 days after transplanting over the control in both seasons, respectively.
5.1.5. Crop growth rate (CGR):
Generally, poultry manure enhanced crop growth rate of onion plants compared to mineral fertilizers (control) at different stages (30 – 60, 60 – 90 and 90 – 120 days after transplanting) in both seasons of study.
At the periods 30 ــ 60 and 90 ــ 120 days after transplanting in both seasons, it was observed that applying poultry manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) gave the highest values for crop growth rate of onion plants compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) and there were no difference between poultry manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) and poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) treatments at 30 ــ 60 days after transplanting in the second season. The increases were non-significant compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
On the other hand, applying poultry manure treatment at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) gave the highest values for crop growth rate of onion plants at the period of 60 ــ 90 days after transplanting compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons of study. The increase was non-significant in the second season of study compared to mineral fertilizers (control).
5.1.6. Leaves chemical constituents:
Among the different treatments, applying poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers (T9) gave the highest content of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotene and content of N, P and K compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizfertilizers (control). The increases were significant by applying poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers compared to control in both seasons.
On the other hand, nitrate and nitrite content recorded the highest values at 100% of recommended mineral fertilizers treatment (control) while, the lowest values were observed by application of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) and were significant as compared to control in both seasons.
5.2. Bulb traits:
The increases in average bulb weight, bulb diameter, bulb length and bulb dry matter were significantly by applying poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons except bulbing ratio parameter in the first season.
5.3. Bulb chemical constituents:
The highest values for bulb chemical content, i.e., vitamin C, sulfur volatile oil, crude protein, total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), N, P and K were recorded by applying poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers, while the lowest values for nitrate and nitrite content were recorded by applying poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
The increases in vitamin C, sulfur volatile oil, crude protein, total sugars, N, P, K and the decreases in nitrate and nitrite content were significantly compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
5.4. Yield and its components:
In general, marketable yield was more than culls yield of onion plants. In addition, the highest values of marketable yield and the lowest values of culls yield were recorded with application the treatment of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers in both seasons.
5.4.1. Marketable yield (ton/fed.):
It is clear that poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers had significantly increase in marketable yield compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
5.4.2. Culls yield (ton/fed.):
The values for double bulbs parameter decreased by application of cattle manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers compared to both of poultry manure and mineral fertilizers (control). In addition, the decrease of double bulbs by applying cattle manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers was significantly compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
Application of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers decreased bolters and pickles than applying cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) treatments in both seasons.
The decreases of bolters and pickles by applying poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers were significantly compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in the second season for bolters and in the two seasons for pickles.
The highest values of un-homogenized bulbs were recorded by application of cattle manure treatment at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers, While the lowest values were recorded by applying poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers in both seasons.
In addition, the increase of un-homogenized bulbs by applying cattle manure treatment at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers was significantly compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in the first season of study.
5.4.3. Total yield (ton/fed.):
Fertilization of onion plants by applying poultry manure treatment at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers had significantly increased total yield in both seasons. The increases in total yield were about 17.02 and 17.35% for poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers over mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons, respectively.
5.5. Nutrient uptake:
The highest values of N, P and K uptake by onion blub were observed in the plants fertilized by poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers compared to plants which fertilized by cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
The increases in N, P and K uptake were significantly by applying poultry manure treatment at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers compared with mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.
CONCLUSION
from the obtained results of this study, it could be concluded that, application of poultry manure in combination with mineral fertilizers enhanced the vegetative growth characters of onion plants. Poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers + 25% of mineral fertilizers (T7) recorded the highest values for plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh weight/plant and dry weight/plant parameters compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) at 90 and 120 days after transplanting in both seasons.
Concerning to the effect of different types of fertilizers on crop growth rate, poultry manure at 100% of recommended fertilizers (T6) gave the highest values for crop growth rate of onion plants compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) at the periods 30-60 and 90-120 days after transplanting in both seasons.
Results of chemical constitutes of leaves showed that, applying poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers produced the highest content of chlorophyll a, b, carotene and content of N, P and K comparing to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control). Also, the lowest values for nitrate and nitrite content were observed by application of the previous treatment with significant difference as compared to control treatment in both seasons.
Generally, data of different yield parameters for onion bulb indicated significant differences among fertilization treatments for all parameters. Bulb fresh weight, bulb diameter, bulb length, bulb dry matter, marketable yield and total yield tended to be greater with application of poultry manure than cattle manure and control treatment.
Concerning to the effect of different types of fertilizers on chemical constitutes of bulbs, application of poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers + 75% of mineral fertilizers, recorded the highest values for chemical content of vitamin C, sulfur volatile oil, crude protein, total sugar and TSS as compared to cattle manure and mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons.