الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Adding antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc sulfate and sodium selenite in inorganic form or in nanoparticales form to dilute sperm collected from epididymis in camels improve the characteristics of sperm collected from epididymis and their ability to storage by cryopreservation and reduce abnormality and apoptosis of the spermatozoa. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of adding different types of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, nano selenium, and nano zinc) on the susceptibility of sperms obtained from the aesthetic program for cryopreservation and freezing.Methods: Testis of camel were collected after slaughtering and placed immediately in saline solution into plastic bag into icebox at 5 °C. In the laboratory, epididymal spermatozoa were collected by aspirated method, diluents with SHOTOR extender with different types of antioxidants, 0 (control), vitamin E at 200 μm /ml, vitamin C at 1.0 g/L, selenium nanoparticles at 1 μg/ml, zinc nanoparticles at 50 μg/ ml, sodium selenite at 2 μg/ml and zinc sulphate at 100 μg/ml. Results: Addition of minerals in nano sized or inorganic form followed by vitamins, respectively, maintained the progressive motility, livability and membrane integrity and decreased abnormalities and cytoplasmic droplet percentages of epididymal camel spermatozoa stored at 5°C up to 144 h. In spite of supplementation of SHOTOR extender with Vit C, Vit E, Na2SeO3, ZnSO4, ZnONPs or SeNPs can improve the post-thaw quality of dromedary camel epididymal spermatozoa, the selenium and zinc nanoparticles provide the best post-thaw quality. The results presented here highlight favorable sperm properties such as increased motility, vitality, and ultrastructure morphology after cooling or freezing-thawing.In spite of supplementation of SHOTOR extender with Vit C, Vit E, Na2SeO3, ZnSO4, ZnONPs or SeNPs can improve the post-thaw quality of dromedary camel epididymal spermatozoa, the selenium and zinc nanoparticles provide the best post-thaw. Conclusion:. Finally, We recommend the inclusion of nano-selenium (1µg/ml) and nano-zinc (50µg/ml) to extenders to improve the storageability at cool temperature and cryotolerance of camel epididymal spermatozoa.