الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Phacoemulsification affects central and peripheral corneal thickness, in this study we tried to evaluate post Phacoemulsification corneal thickness changes using pentacam and endothelial changes using specular microscopy in two groups of patients (Diabetic group and Non Diabetic group).
Our study included 40 consecutive eyes of 40 patients, 20 patients of non-diabetic group, 8 cases (40.0 %) were male and 12 cases (60.0%) were female and 20 diabetic group, 6 cases (30.0%) were male and 14 cases (70.0%) were females.
Their age ranged from 45 to 65 years, with mean age of 56.50 +/-4.39 years in diabetic, 56.55+/- 4.63 years in non-diabetic group.
Comparing both groups, diabetic group had higher CCT, endothelial cell density and Coefficient of variation with lower percentage of hexagonal cells than non-diabetic group before any surgical interference.
In our study we used phaco-chop technique as it was proven to be more effective for lens removal, with less corneal endothelial damage, than the divide-and conquer and stop-and-chop techniques.
CCT was used in our study as a surrogate marker for endothelial function status. This is because a well-functioning endothelium keeps the corneal stroma in a dynamic state of continuous deturgescence.
Concerning postoperative changes, the increase in central corneal thickness was highest 1 day after operation reaching its peak among the 3 time points measured in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, but recovered thereafter,
Our results reported postoperative status of the corneal endothelium in healthy and diabetic groups after cataract surgery and compares the status of the 2 groups, nonsignificant differences in mean ECD values were evidenced between both groups, although we found an increase in ECD only at the first day postoperative but a decrease in ECD in therefore after in people with diabetes after phacoemulsification when compared to controls, this could be partially attributable to endothelial cell loss induced by the surgical procedure in diabetic corneas.
Regarding morphological changes, we found decrease in percentage of hexagonal cell in the diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients, but this change was not statistically different in comparison to each other in all postoperative measurements except one day follow up.
Moreover, higher Coefficient of Variation at long term postoperative follow up (as compared to preoperative values) was seen in both groups, the diabetic group showed a nonsignificant lesser change as compared to the nondiabetic group. This demonstrates the slower and weaker recovery of endothelial cells in diabetics.
Evaluation of corneal thickness by pentacam showed no significant difference between both groups preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month postoperatively.
The corneal volume in 5mm and 7 mm area showed significant difference in preoperative and postoperative day in both groups, but in late postoperative measurements it showed rapidly decrement reaching near preoperative value, but CV 7mm didn’t, which was of insignificant value.