الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 68 |  |  |
| | | from | 68 | | |
Abstract
Congenital ptosis is usually a result of a localized dystrophy of the levator muscle in which the striated muscle fibers are replaced with fibrous and fatty tissue. The condition may be unilateral or bilateral and can be familial, transmitted as an autosomal dominant (AD) trait. Although ptosis in children is often an isolated finding, it may occur in association with other ocular or systemic disorders (80) & (67).
A complete ophthalmic and systemic examination is therefore important in the evaluation of a child with ptosis. Amblyopia may occur in children with ptosis. The amblyopia may be deprivational or induced astigmatism (anisometropia). When amblyopia occurs, it should generally be treated before correcting the ptosis. Treatment of ptosis in a child is indicated for elimination of an abnormal head posture, improvement in the visual field, prevention of amblyopia, and restoration of a normal eyelid appearance (92).
The timing of surgery depends on the degree of ptosis, its cosmetic and functional severity, the presence or absence of compensatory posturing, the wishes of the parents, and the discretion of the surgeon. Surgical treatment is determined by the amount of levator function that is present and degree of ptosis (93). Cases with poor levator function with moderate to severe amount of ptosis are good candidates for maximal levator resection surgery.