الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder that usually involves chronic inflammation of the airways. It is characterized by the history of respiratory symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness of the chest and cough which are varying over time and intensity, along with a variable limitation on expiratory airflow. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder that is best described by periodic reversible obstruction of the airways and can be presented with cough, wheezes, dyspnea or tightness of the chest. Asthma has a global impact on almost 300 million people. Throughout the preceding three decades, the prevalence of asthma in Western countries has also increased. In the Nile Delta area of Egypt, the prevalence of asthma was reported to be 7.7 percent. Phenotype is defined as “observable characteristics” that can be directly observed and measured (either biochemically or physically) as a result of the interaction of genes and environmental triggers. Different clinical asthma phenotypes have been assumed depending on the symptomatology in association with airway inflammatory biomarkers where shortness of breath group showed characteristic IgE pattern, cough group showed eosinophilic pattern, and wheezy group showed mixed eosinophilic and IgE pattern. The three different groups showed variable responses to asthma medications. The seems to have the largest surface area of any organ in the body, comprising the highest percentage of immune cells and products. Critical nutrition, absorption as well as oral tolerance functions must be maintained in the gut. It remains a field of active research on how this latter process takes place in this perfect and controlled manner. The symptoms of GI tract are increased in children with allergic disorders. Even more, histological and physiological abnormalities of the GIT in allergic patients have been detected Symptoms of GI are frequent in children with allergic disorders, just like atopic dermatitis and asthma . Patients with allergic airway diseases also have reported histological abnormalities of the GI tract. Small intestinal biopsies from cases with asthma and allergic rhinitis show a similar switch to the inflammatory response observed in the respiratory tract, with the accumulation of T cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and mast cells and with an increase in proallergic cytokines, like IL5 and IL4. Esinophilic esophagitis is frequently associated with atopic disorders including, bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and various food or drug allergies. Also, approximately 30-50% of individuals with esinophilic gastro enteritis (EGE) have allergic diseases. reported that patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma had increased eosinophils accumulation in the esophageal mucosa when compared with control.