الفهرس 
Breast CancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women worldwide
accounting for 29% of the total new cancer cases. It is also the second leading cause of
cancer death among women after lung cancer, accounting for 15% of the total cancer
deaths.
The development of breast cancer is usually regarded as a multi-factorial process
which means that the etiology is unknown. The occurrence of breast cancer is thought to
be the result of the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors.
One of the strongest risk factors for the development of breast cancer is the
presence of a family history of the disease, although only 10 -20% of affected women
report such a history. Inherited genetic risk factors contribute to breast cancer
susceptibility in both familial and sporadic breast cancer.
Identifying genetic variations can affect our understanding of the biological
mechanisms of the disease progression and can lead to improvement in prevention,
early diagnosis and more effective treatment.
Genome wide association studies have led to the identification of multiple new
genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk such as Thymocyte selectionassociated
high mobility group box member 3(TOX3) and Fibroblast growth factor
receptor 2 (FGFR2).
TOX3 belongs to the TOX subfamily of high mobility group (HMG) proteins.
The HMG protein family is a diverse superfamily of non-histone chromosomal proteins
that were discovered in mammalian cells more than 30 years ago. The HMG proteins
were originally named based on their unusually rapid gel electrophoretic mobility
compared to other chromatin proteins.
TOX3 plays a role in tumorigenesis and is a risk factor for breast cancer
development and progression that exerts its role through pleotropic effects. Several
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exist in the TOX3 gene (including the
rs12443621) and have been attributed to the risk of breast cancer development .
FGFR2 gene is located on human chromosome 10q and it is a tumor suppressor
gene that can be amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer cells. FGFR2 encodes a
member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, which includes distinct fibroblast growth
factor receptors and is involved in tumorigenesis. Many researches have reported the
association between FGFR2 polymorphism rs2981582 and breast cancer risk
The current study was carried out at Medical Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology Department in cooperation with Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. The aim of this work was to
study the association between breast cancer and single nucleotide polymorphism of both
TOX3 and FGFR2 genes.
The present study was conducted on 80 subjects: 40 female patients with
primary invasive breast carcinoma selected from Clinical Oncology and Nuclear
Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Hospitals and 40
apparently healthy female subjects, age matched, served as the control group.