الفهرس 
الملخص العربييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The Coptic architecture represents an important stage in the development of the ancient Egyptian civilization, whose great monuments still witness the development, which it reached. It reflects a true image of the life of the Egyptians after they embraced christianity, which began to appear secretly by Saint Mark the Apostle. Once he arrived in Alexandria in the middle of the first century AD, he launched the first spark of the new call. After the launch of the first spark to spread christianity, a few people began to enter the new religion. This was followed by the appearance of religious persecution by the Roman emperors, and this persecution widened whenever a new group entered the ranks of christians. The first three centuries CE were full with several religious persecutions, their intensity decreases and increases according to the political conditions of the Roman Empire. It reached its severity during the reign of Emperor Diocletian, and therefore his era was called the era of the martyrs. The Coptic Church took the year of (248 CE) as the beginning of the Coptic calendar. Then, the conditions of the state settled down during the era of Emperor Constantine, who made the new religion among the laws permitted to be embraced all over the Byzantine Empire. The christian religion became the official religion of the state at the reign of Emperor Theodosius (395 CE). After that, the Copts of Egypt converted the ancient pagan temples into places of worship for them after they obliterated the pagan paintings and replaced them with crosses and other christian paintings on the walls of the ancient Egyptian temples.