الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nocturnal enuresis refers to an inability to control urination and involuntary urination during sleep, which is common among young children. Based on the DSM-IV (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV) criteria, enuresis refers to the urination of children over 5 years old in clothes or in bed that happens twice a week for three consecutive months can occur at night, during the day, or a combination of these two, and is also called nocturnal enuresis.
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) consists of never having established urinary continence at night, while secondary nocturnal enuresis (SNE) refers to the development of enuresis after a period of established urinary continence. Nocturnal enuresis, also called bed-wetting, happens during the night while the child is sleeping.
Based on the results of various investigations, enuresis has many causes including developmental differences, for example, differences in the growth of the urinary sphincters of a child, various diseases like diabetes, urinary tract infections, and so forth, emotional changes and conflicts such as the birth of a new baby and scholastic or educational stressful conditions, and emotional crises such as parental separation and divorce, family conflicts, and so forth.
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of bedwetting among children in primary school, and to investigate its relationship to accompanying socio-demographic factors.
A well-constructed questionnaire was full filled by the parents and it included; full history taking, medical examination and investigations as urine analysis, random blood sugar, stool analysis and abdominal x-ray were done in all children
This study included 2407 children with the age group from 6 to 12 years old, among this group, there was 340 children (14.13%) suffering from nocturnal enuresis and 85.87% were non enuretic.
Statistical results was as following:
Nocturnal enuresis was more common among females 58.82% than males 41.18 %. The mean ± SD of age in cases was 7.9 ± 3.1,
Nocturnal enuresis was more common in children of rural area 52.94 % than children of an urban area 47.06 %.
Nocturnal enuresis was more common among children of official works and also more common among children of non working women. On the other hand enuresis is more common in low social class.
The highest frequency of nocturnal enuresis was at the age from 6 to 7 years old was (52.94%) followed by age 8 to 9 years (32.35%) then age 10 to 12 years (14.71%).
22.94% of children suffer from diurnal enuresis compared to 77.06% didn’t have diurnal enuresis combined with nocturnal enuresis.
The primary enuresis represented 74.12 % among cases and secondary enuresis was 25.88%.