الفهرس 
INRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Wheat is considered one of the most important cereal crop in
Egypt and all over the world. As it contain calories, several proteins
necessary for the human body. It also contains several mineral and
vitamins. Unfortunately, in Egypt 35 % of whole wheat consumption is
imported. The latest statistics showed that the cultivated area is about
3,000,000 Feddans with a total production of 8.757 million tons
(Agricultural Economic and Statistics Department, Ministry of
Agricultural, 2017). Therefore, attention has been given to wheat to
improve both productivity and quality. Production can be raised by
increasing the cultivated area through reclaiming land and cultivating it
(horizontal increase) or through increasing the Feddans production
(vertical increase). One of the most important qualities which interests,
farmers is to cultivate new varieties which are able to resist diseases
especially rusts (particularly Puccinia striiformis, McIntosh, 1992;
Singh et al., 1993; Bai and Knott, 1994 and Singh et al., 1995),
smuts (especially bunt, Tillia indica), powdery mildow (Erysiphe
graminis), Robe and Doussinault, 1995) and barley yellow dwarf
virus (BYDV) or tolerate draught, cold, soil acidity, (Camargo et al.,
1995), salt, (Jana et al., 1993) and resistance to aphids, (Simon and
Hebert, 1995); low input and cultural requirements