الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Pathological and Histological Studies on Citrus Lichens and
Their Control.
Thirteen species belonged to four genera of citrus lichens were
found and collected during survey studies in orchards and nurseries
growing in different location belonging to seven different governorates
namely Qalubia, Sharkia, Menofia, Ismaelia, Gharbia, Beni- sweif, and
Giza through five years in successive seasons, 2012 – 2016. Qalubyia
have the major species of citrus lichens (10 species of total collected
species) but the distribution of species was differed from one locality to
another in the governorate. Whereas Beni- sweif have the minor (2
species of total collected species). Collected species of citrus lichens
diversed in its thallus growth form type that included foliose , crustose
and leprose types .The foliose lichens have the most distributed species
in citrus orchards ,while crustose lichens have the lowest one. Based
on morphological and anatomical characters the 13 species of collected
lichens were identified , 8 foliose lichen species were identified as
Xanthoria parietina which was the most abundant and distributed
lichen in all surveyed locations and other seven species belonged to
genus Xanthoria were identified up to the genus level , while crustose
type included two different genera the first one was crustose placodoid
and identified as Diploicia canescens , and the second was crustose
formed thin crusts and it was identified as Strigula sp., leprose type
included one genus and 3species belong to it and it were identified