الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Calcium deficiency has several impacts in females from the fetal phase to the elderly post-menopausal age as the body has increased Ca+2 demands during growth spurts, pregnancy as well as lactation. Insufficient Ca+2intake may, therefore, leads to many problems particularly in growing children and adolescents; this may result in stunted growth, and a decreased peak bone density thus elevates the risk of osteoporosis later.
The importance of proper nutrition prior to and throughout pregnancy has long been known for optimizing the health and well-being of both mother and baby.
In this study we were aiming to investigate the levels of serum calcium and detection of prevalence of hypocalcaemia among the healthy asymptomatic pregnant women.
The present study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department in El-Fayoum general hospital, at the period from June 2018 to June 2019.
In this study 500 asymptomatic pregnant women were enrolled. All participants were pregnant in the first trimester with gestational age more than 8.5 weeks, with a single fetus and free from any medical disorder. Cases were matched for gestational age, parity, anthropometric measures and socioeconomic status.
All women were subjected for the following:
Full detailed history was taken (family history, personal history, obstetric history, history of chronic disease, drug intake or special habits). Participants underwent through clinical examination. Ultrasonography was done for (assessing no. of fetuses, viability, gestational age, congenital anomalies… etc.)
And finally collect blood samples from the participants. We measured total and ionized calcium to all participants.
We measured the prevalence of hypocalcaemia cases that was (67.4%) of our study cases.
Other statistical findings included:
• The prevalence of hypocalcaemia was high in parity less than 2.
• Maternal age was significantly lower in hypocalcaemia cases.
• Gestational age was significantly lower in hypocalcaemia cases.