الفهرس 
INRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, water quality is a major apprehension for all countries around the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions such as Egypt. In Egypt, rapid extension of agricultural lands as well as the reclamation of desert lands placed more pressure on the available water resources (El-Sadek, 2010; Abu-hashim and Negm, 2018). On the other hand, the increases that occur in human population need more and more food (Lesk et al., 2016). This placed more pressure on the limited water resources. Agriculture is a major sector in the economic development of Egypt and the largest consumer for water supplies. In Egypt, water scarcity has become the main problem facing the sustainability of the agricultural sector. Thus, using low quality water in irrigation (after subjecting