الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate causes and prognosis of neonatal hypoglycemia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Minia-university Maternity & Children hospital.
Study design: The prospective analytical study was conducted between May and December 2019. First blood glucose concentrations of all infants admitted to the nursery were measured using a “point of care” analyzer, and then who had hypoglycemia we confirmed it by serum glucose test. We recorded risk factors for hypoglycemia and analyze their association with hypoglycemia. Inclusion criteria: All neonates born in our obstetric unit of our hospital, both sex, different gestational age (G.A.) and different birth weight and co-operative parents. Exclusion criteria: Cases born outside our hospital, cases of different apparent congenital anomalies, cases with inadequate data and uncooperative parents.
Results: Among 398 neonates, 42 (10.55%) were hypoglycemic confirmed by serum sample. Almost cases 97.9% were transient and only 2.4% had persistent hypoglycemia. Majority of cases 88.1%were asymptomatic, 7.1% present with jitteriness, 4.8% present with poor suckling. The incidence of hypoglycemia in preterm children (32.9%) was significantly higher than full-term children (5.7%)
or post-term births (9.1%). Hypoglycemia was clearly related to birth weight where lower the weight, the greater the risk of hypoglycemia. Children of less than the gestational age (SGA) 24.0% and children of more than the gestational age (LGA) 22.7% were both more susceptible to hypoglycemia than children of normal G.A. 6.6%. Early feeding decreased the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia. Out of 77 cases born to diabetic mother, 25 cases (32.5%) developed hypoglycemia. There were insignificant associations between the severity of hypoglycemia with gestational age, birth weight and outcome. There were significant fair positive correlations between blood glucose level with G.A and birth weight
(r=-0.307, P<0.001) and (r=-0.300, P<0.001) respectively. Recovery was the net result of 92.9%, and unfortunately 7.1% died due to sepsis and severe RDS.
Conclusions: Early neonatal hypoglycemia is a dangerous phase, most cases are asymptomatic and even the symptoms are non-specific. So, screening is very important. The strongest risk factors were prematurity, LGA, SGA, infant of maternal diabetes, and delay feeding.