الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer incidence and its related death are increasing worldwide Among solid tumors, CRC. CRC is known to be the third most frequent malignancy and the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in 2018 throught the world.
The conventional therapy of CRC including surgery, chemotherapy, RT, targeted. However, these treatments are often associated with high morbidity and have proven to be less effective, especially if the tumour has metastasized.
Consequently, it is essential to develop novel strategies and agents having improved pharmacologic profile and low toxicity without having drug resistance.
Photodynamic therapy, a promising treatment for various types of cancer. PDT comprises the administration of a photosensitizer, its accumulation in tumor tissue, and subsequent irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded tumor, leading to the localized photo-production of ROS. The resulting oxidative damage ultimately culminates in tumor cell death, vascular shutdown, induction of an antitumor immune response.
Possibility of repeated treatment, low systemic toxicity, selective accumulation without harmful side effects to healthy tissues, being a remarkable advantages of PDT.
In recent years, HY has been the most frequently studied PS. HY is a naturally occurring compound from Hypericum perforatum with approximately 595 nm wavelength light absorbance. HY has advantages of minimal dark toxicity, high clearance from the body and high singlet oxygen production.
Several PS including HY, are in advanced stages of clinical trials or in the approval phase for the treatment of several malignant and.