الفهرس 
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Abstract
Qat is cultivated in the Republic of Yemen and most of the countries of East Africa as a natural stimulant from the Catha edulis plant (Ageely 2009; Wabe & Mohammed 2012).However, improvements in transport and mass movement of people have assisted spread of Qat chewing to nearly all parts of the world. Qat has been concomitant with oral keratotic white lesions which arise in the same area within the vestibule or buccal mucosa where the Qat bolus is placed while chewing. Certain of these lesions demonstrate histopathological changes like acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and mild dysplasia, the danger for emerging white lesions was especially great between Qat chewers who also used tobacco products (Ali et al. 2004). So this study was conducted to compare the immunohistochemical expression of CLDN1, PDPN & LDHA in the leukoplakia in site of Qat position at buccal mucosa with the leukoplakia that appear in any place of mouth in individuals who non-chewing Qat. Material and methods: the study was carried out in 90 individuals divided to 40 Qat chewers group, 40 nonchewers group and 10 control group. The mean and standard deviation of CLDN1, PDPN and LDHA was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, (P ˂ 0.05) was considered statistically significant. The individuals had a mean age of 35.83 years (range 7-85 years). The group consisted of 14 women and 76 men. Dysplasia were graded as mild (14 cases, 12 in Qat chewers group and 2 in non-chewers group), moderate (27 cases, 17 in Qat chewers group and 10 in non-chewers group), and severe (39 cases, 11 in Qat chewers group and 28 in non-chewers group). CLDN1 the greatest mean area of immunoexpression was recorded in the NOE, whereas the least value was recorded in severe dysplasia. (ANOVA) test revealed that the difference was extremely statistically significant (P<0.000). PDPN and LDHA the greatest mean area of immunoexpression was recorded in the sever dysplasia, whereas the least value was recorded in NOE. (ANOVA) test revealed that the difference was extremely statistically significant (P<0.000). Except PDPN expression, when comparing expression in Qat chewers with non-chewers the (P=0.644) it’s statistically non-significant. when we compared between Qat chewers and non-chewers groups there is significant differences between different grades of epithelial dysplasia in expression of CLDN1 and LDHA and no significant difference in expression of PDPN.