الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the ecological features and pollution status of Qarun Lake (Egypt) and Habbaniyah Lake (Iraq) to aid decision makers with important database. This can be achieved within the following objectives: Throw light on the types of polluted waters (effluents) discharged into Qarun Lake (Egypt) and Habbaniyah Lake (Iraq). Determine the different plant taxa inhabiting the water and banks of the two lakes. Determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters and sediments of the two lakes. Analysis of heavy metals (Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in water and sediments for scouting their effect into the lake environment. Map different pollutants distributed within the two lakes in relation to their sources using GIS technique. Propose the ideal methods to control the amounts of pollutants coming to the lakes from different human activities namely; agriculture, urban, sewage or industrial. The objective of this study is to reveal the comparative ecological study on two different geographical Lakes (Lake Qarun in Egypt and Lake Habbaniyah in Iraq) using the Geometric Approach. The indices of heavy metals in the sediments of lake were as follow; The enrichment factor takes the following sequence: Cd>Pb>Ni≈Co>Cr and Cd>Ni>PCo>Cr, in the hydrosoil of Qarun and Habbaniyah Lakes, respectively. The contamination factor of Fe, Ni, Cr and Pb is low in all locations, whereas the values of CF of Cd, it varied from moderate CF degree, considerable contamination factors and very high contamination factor in Qarun and Habbaniyah Lakes. The PLI in of Qarun and Habbaniyah Lakes is less than 1 so there is no appreciable pollution, but from the results of DC, it ranged between low to moderate degree of contamination. The ecological risk values were in low potential ecological risk for all metals in Qarun and Habbaniyah Lakes (< 40), with the exception of cadmium, which ranged from considerable to high potential ecological risk (80 ≤ Er < 160 and 40 ≤ Er < 80). The risk index values recorded in Qarun Lake are very moderate ecological risk (150 ≤ RI < 300) and low ecological risks (< 150). In Habbaniyah Lake the risk index values recorded low ecological risk (< 150). In the present results, the classified image of 2019 showed that no plant cover accounting for about 229.13Km2 (96.17% of total lake area) and plant cover about 9.12Km2 (3.83% of total lake area) in Qarun Lake. On the other hand, in Habbaniyah Lake the classified image of 2019 showed that no plant cover accounting for about 337.64Km2 and plant cover about 29.31Km2 (7.99% of total lake area).