الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide with increasing incidence and prevalence that is threatening to bring on the onset of a real ‗epidemic‘ even though it has received little medical attention.
Early detection of renal diseases or urological disorders is important because some will progress to end stage renal disease. Early identification provides greatest opportunity to modify the course of disease.
The aim of the Study was Assessment and study of urine abnormalities among asymptomatic primary school children at alshohdaa district as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
Screening was done upon 488 school aged children of both sexes 227 male 261 female and from two primary schools rural and urban students. Those children were apparently healthy and aged 6- 12 year.
Initial screening by dipstick urine analysis to detect the presence of urinary abnormalities as; pyuria, hematuria, nituria, proteinuria, in urine. Positive cases in dipstick screening were subjected to complete microscopic examination, with cases positive for proteinuria in dipstick were subjected heat and acetic test.
In this study, the prevalence of urinary abnormalities among primary school children by dipstick test was 18% with, 11% had leucocytes in urine, 10.6% had hematuria, 2.2% were positive in nitrate test and lastely 2.5% had proteinuria.
By microscopic and chemical examination crystalluria prevlance 27.27% followed by pyuria 15.9% hematuria 1.14% proteinuria 0%.
Urine culture done for pyuria cases show high prevlance of E-coli organism (28.6%). citrobacter (28.6%) enterobacter (21.6%) no growth (21.4%)
There was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls regarding presence of leucocytes and nitrites in dipstick test which there was statistically significant difference in Leucocytes protein and nitrite by dipstick regarding the socioeconomic level i also There was a statistically significant difference by dipistick protein at different age group There was statistically significant difference between children with different socio-economic status regarding urine analysis pyuria. There was statistically significant difference in relation between microscopic urinary examination results and socio-economic status regarding pyuria.
National urine screening programs by dipstick urine analysis followed by microscopic and chemical urine examination should be done for school children for early detection of renal diseases as a part of the school health program in primary schools.
Further studies involving other localities of Egypt including urban and rural areas, to compare the prevalence of urinary abnormalities in different areas and the overall prevalence in Egypt.
For prevention of urinary tract infection Drink plenty of fluids, Go to the bathroom when you have the urge; don‘t hang on too long. Clean genital area daily, Wipe from front to back after urinating and bowel movement.
For prevention of crystalluria diet high in fluid rich in fruits and vegetabls low in sodium, oxalate and dietry restriction of animal protein alkli reach fruits and vegtables help in rising urine ph.
For hematuria mangement measuers as adequete fluid intake, salt restrection, alkanization of urine and treatment of urinary stones.