الفهرس 
الفصل الأول الإطار العام للبحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 148 |  |  |
| | | from | 148 | | |
المستخلص
• Introduction and problem of research: Also, the tremendous progress in various sports fields and intense competitions in order to achieve the best results and high levels, this led to the occurrence of injuries to the players and the incidence of injury increases as the force of friction increases in the tool or competitor, as the muscle system is exposed to injury as a result of the pressure on the muscles, tendons, joints and bones from practicing activity Sportsman. where Muhammad Qadri Bakri (2000 AD) affirms that the injury is a disorder that may affect the prevailing motor system (muscles, bones, joints, nerves), hindering the dynamic development of the athlete’s level and preventing him from continuing to perform his training or official and friendly participation, which is a satisfactory phenomenon. The last ten years of the current century were marked by an increase in the volume of sporting achievements and tournaments, which led to the studies and research on the rehabilitation and prevention of the athlete from exposure to injuries, as these studies aim to reduce and shorten the time period for the athlete’s return to the sports chop after being injured. Smart Booher, Thibodeau2012 believes that the sport of handball is one of the games that is characterized by the character of speed and allows for friction between players and this is within the scope of what is specified by the law of the game, and sports injuries are among the most problems that players face in handball as it reduces the efficiency Playing in terms of physical and planning and may be an influential factor in the continuation of the player on the field or may lead to the player’s retirement of this sport permanently. We find that handball is ranked second in terms of the prevalence of sports injuries, as statistics indicate that handball is ranked second after football in terms of the spread of injuries due to its performance nature that requires friction between players. Khaled Kamal Salah El-Din (2003) mentions that improper pressure, loss of sportsmanship, deliberate roughness, and arbitration errors to keep a particular player from continuing to perform for his superiority or directing the coach to players to use some violence to terrorize the opponent or the enthusiasm of the players overload leads to making the player’s performance characterized by excessive movements And exaggerated, which may cause injury. We find that it is necessary to pay attention to warming up for athletes so that it is appropriate to the nature of the atmosphere, and attention must be paid to stretching exercises, strength exercises, and muscle training gradually to withstand the high physical load and pay attention to massage and give the muscle sufficient time to restore healing before returning to activity so that the injury does not recur. The researcher believes that the practice of sport is a science that has its origins, goals, rules and philosophy, and since the human being is considered an integrated unit physically, mentally and psychologically, it was necessary to understand the nature of the human being and to maintain his safety, but it is the result of the tremendous progress in the science of training, the development of methods and plans for play and the high intensity of competition among countries to make better The results and the excitement of the players and the continuous competition with themselves and with others to achieve the best sports results and levels ever. Therefore, the researcher believes, to the best of his knowledge, that handball is a sport where injuries are very common due to the many errors that result in the application of the training method, lack of experience and practice, direct friction and neglect of security and safety factors, and the playing field is divided into several regions and each region has its own law, which is what It is necessary for the player to have a specific style of play, which increases the difficulty of the game, enthusiasm and suspense at the same time, as well as the different types of floors that are played on according to different environmental conditions and through the work of the researcher in the field of sports and handball, he noticed a noticeable increase in the injuries he was exposed to. He played handball, especially in certain centers, and this is for the players of the higher levels (the championship sector) and the recurrence of injury to these centers, which raised the researcher’s attention to the possibility of a relationship between sports injuries and players’ centers in terms of the player’s position and the line in which he plays, because each center has its own nature The distinctive characteristics that it imposes in terms of physical, skill and planning requirements, and the researcher believes that providing the maximum possible care and protection from the players from sports injuries that can be N hinders the improvement of the performance level of each of them, which prompted the researcher to know the relationship of the centers of handball players with the rates of exposure to sports injuries. • research importance : The prevention of sports injuries in handball players is of utmost importance and the importance is evident in the necessity of identifying their causes, predicting them, trying to avoid them, and reducing their incidence and spread among the players. As this game is characterized by the nature of movements with distinctive force and speed associated with skillful performance and all of this in the end leads to a greater likelihood of players being injured more than other sports. Therefore, the researcher believes that this research is considered one of the studies that will give an integrated view of the sporting reality in this sport that has not received much research and how to reduce serious injuries, which sometimes threaten to deprive players from practicing for a long time or leave the stadiums permanently. • Research objective: The research aims to identify common injuries to handball players through: - 1_ Learn about common injuries among players. 2_ Identify the parts of the body that are most vulnerable to infection. 3_ Knowing the most vulnerable centers. • Search questions: - The research questions are as follows: - 1- What are the common injuries among players? 2- What parts of the body are most affected? 3- What are the most vulnerable centers • Research Methodology : The researcher used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature and objectives of the research. • research community : The research community included handball players in Zamalek Club and Al-Jazira Club in Cairo, whose training period exceeds 8 years in the field of sports training. • The research sample : The research sample was chosen by the intentional method as shown in Table (1) of the handball team players registered in the Egyptian Handball Federation in Cairo Governorate and they were represented in Zamalek Club and Al-Jazira Club, where the actual sample size reached (80) players representing the original community, such that (40) players Zamalek club and (40) player of Al-Jazira club in handball, after excluding some players for their lack of seriousness in the research. • Methods of data collection: The researcher used the data collection form, and the validity of this questionnaire was verified through a reference survey of related and previous research in this field. • The researcher used the following tools to collect data: Scientific references and previous research conducted in the field of sports injuries to obtain data for the dimensions of the research questionnaire design. • Research implementation steps: 1- Steps for building the questionnaire form. 1- Expected injuries were cleared. 2- Arrange injuries as possible. 3- Division of injuries to different axes. 4- Arrangement of the axes in the questionnaire. 5_ Show the form to the experts 6_ Finalize the expert opinion survey form 7_ Display the form on the research sample. • Fields of Research: The human field: No handball player who is registered with the Egyptian Handball Federation and has reached a training age of 8 years or more. Time domain: The experiment was applied in the time period from January 15, 2019 to April 30, 2019. Geographical area: in Cairo governorate for (Zamalek _ Al Jazeera) club. Conclusions: Within the limits of the research sample, and in light of the interpretation and discussion of the results that have been reached, the researcher has reached the following conclusions: 1- The most common injuries in handball are in the upper extremity (in the shoulder) in the sample under investigation. 2- The most common injuries are cramping of the shoulder muscles. 3- Injuries occur in a large percentage during training in the last periods of competitions. 4- Injuries occur at the end of the training season at a greater rate than in the middle and early season. 5- Failure to warm up well and the lack of skill and technical aspects of the players in the sport of handball help in the occurrence of injury. - Recommendations: Based on the researcher’s findings, and in light of the results and objectives of the research, the researcher recommends the following: 1- The player safety principle must be observed to prevent sports injuries from occurring and not recurring. 2- Paying attention to a good warm-up in terms of time, content and method of performance, which is commensurate with the nature of the activity and the prevailing climate. 3- The need to pay attention to the development of all physical, general and private fitness elements for players, as well as the skillful and technical aspects of handball players. 4- Paying attention to training courses for trainers to raise their technical level. 5- Development of good play and arbitration law to reduce injury 6- The researcher recommends conducting legalized rehabilitation programs for the most important injuries in various games. 7- Conducting research on the most important injuries that occur to handball players, according to the newly used devices. 8_ The need to pay attention to the development of all elements of public and private physical fitness for players, as well as the skillful and technical aspects. 9-Conducting research on the most important injuries that occur to handball players.