الفهرس 
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an infectious pathogen, its infection is known as one of the most common gastric infections and involves more than 50% of the people worldwide. H. pylori infections has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease such as gastritis, ulcerative diseases, low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric malignancies and also in various extragastrointestinal conditions, among them chronic renal disease.
Vitamin B12 is an essential water-soluble vitamin required by all cells in the body and it is a complex molecule that cannot be synthesized in the human body and must be supplied in a diet. It has important functions in DNA replication, the synthesis of red blood and in maintaining the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve cells. Vitamin B12 deficiency has a wide spectrum of manifestations that range from asymptomatic to hematologic, neuropsychiatric, and developmental complications.
High urea concentration makes the gastric mucosa more susceptible to colonization by H. pylori. Also, the gastric environment in uremic patients facilitates H. pylori colonization and gastric mucosal damages and high ammonia levels, and enhanced inflammation that facilitates H. pylori infection. In addition, H. Pylori infection is known as the causative factor of vitamin B12 deficiency and it was reported that low levels of vitamin B12 were found in HP infected CKD patients.
The aim of this study is to determine the vitamin B12 levels in Helicobacter Pylori infected chronic kidney disease paediatric patients.
This is a prospective study included 25 hemodialysis children (15 males and 10 females) with age range (6:16 years) who were collected from children dialysis unit.
All children were subjected to the following: All individuals in this study were subjected to:
(1)- Full clinical assessment and complete physical examination.
(2)- Complete blood count (CBC), Renal function (Urea and creatinine), Vitamin B12 level and H Pylori AB were evaluated.
(3)- Eradication of H. Pylori.
The results are summarized as follows:
Vitamin B12 concentration of children was significantly higher after eradication, it was 504.8 (pg/ml) before eradication and increased significantly to 617.2 (pg/ml) after eradication.
Cases with negative Helicobacter AB increased significantly after eradication (from 7 cases “28.0%” before eradication to 21 cases “84.0% after eradication) while, cases with positive Helicobacter AB decreased significantly after eradication (from 16 cases “64.0%” before eradication to 4 cases “16.0% after eradication)
No significant differences were found between negative and positive Helicobacter AB cases before eradication as regard age sex distribution and weight. However, in respect to duration of dialysis, positive cases had significantly higher mean of duration of dialysis than negative cases (47.6 vs. 14.1)
No significant differences were found between negative and positive cases of Helicobacter AB before eradication in hemoglobin concentration (9.5 vs. 9.4 for negative and positive cases respectively).
The results revealed that Vitamin B12 concentration before and after eradication had strong significant negative correlation with duration of dialysis (vitamin B12 concentration strongly decreases with the increase of duration of dialysis).