الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare corneal endothelial cell density, morphological features, and central corneal thickness in type 2 diabetic patients with age-matched, non-diabetic control subjects using specular microscope. In addition to assess the correlation between these corneal parameters and both the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the glycemic control status (measuring glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] level). This study included 198 eyes of 100 subjects 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 non-diabetic subjects, randomly chosen from patients presenting to the outpatient clinic of Mansoura University Ophthalmic Center and aged from 30 to 80 years from both sexes and were separated into the following study groups: 1) Non-diabetics (Control group). 2) Short-term duration diabetic patients (5-10 years) (Diabetic group 1): a) Good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7.5%) (Diabetic subgroup 1a). b) Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7.5%) (Diabetic subgroup 1b). 3) Long-term duration diabetic patients (>10 years) (Diabetic group 2): a) Good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7.5%) (Diabetic subgroup 2a). b) Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7.5%) (Diabetic subgroup 2b). All subjects underwent a relative history taking and a comprehensive ophthalmological examination followed by examination of corneal endothelial structure and CCT by non-contact specular microscopy. Type 2 DM patients had a significant lower ECD and hexagonality percentage (higher pleomorphism); and a significant higher CCT and CV (higher polymegathism) than non-diabetic subjects. DM duration alone had no effect on corneal endothelium. < Glycemic control alone had a non-statistically significant effect on ECD, CV and hexagonality percentage. Long-term diabetic patients with poor glycemic control had non-significantly the lowest ECD and hexagonality percentage (the highest pleomorphism) and the highest CV (the highest polymegathism) (i.e. the most metabolically stressed diabetic corneas). Correlations between each of DM duration and glycemic control; and diabetic corneal parameters were non-significant except between DM duration and CCT that was significantly a low grade negative correlation.