الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative pain of mineral trioxide aggregate
(MTA) and propolis after pulpotomy in carious lower primary molars. Methodology: 28 Healthy
children aging 5-8 years old with at least one carious primary molar at each side. Each child
received MTA in right or left side and Propolis in the other side. Clinical follow up was done at 3,
6, and 9 months. Radiographic follow up was done at 6 and 9 months. Results: All cases were free
of pain along the follow up period except one case in propolis group showed pain after 6 months
then disappeared at 9 months. Sinus tract appeared in 3.85% in propolis group at 6 months and 4%
in both groups at 9 months. The presence of gingivitis in propolis group was presented in 4% of
cases at 3 months, 26.92% at 6 months and 20% at 9 months. In MTA group, gingivitis was
presented in 4% at 3 months and 15.38% at both 6 and 9 months. Root resorption was noticed in
both groups in 3 cases (12%) in both groups. Internal root resorption appeared in one case (4%) in
both groups after 6 and 9 months follow up. Regarding periapical radiolucency, in MTA group, 3
cases (11.54%) were affected after 6 months and 4 cases (16%) after 9 months. In propolis, 4
(15.38%) of cases were affected after 6 months, and 6 (24%) of cases after 9 months. Furcation
Involvement, appeared in MTA group, in 2 (7.69%) cases were affected after 6 months. While in
propolis group, 6 (23.08%) cases were affected after 6 months. Conclusions: The clinical outcome
of propolis is comparable to that of MTA at both 6 and 9 months follow up period. On the other
hand, MTA showed better results in all radiographic outcomes when compared to propolis.