الفهرس 
INTRODUCATIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this thesis, composite adsorbent was developed for sensitive and selective lead (Pb(II)) ions detection and removal from wastewater as well as biological samples. In the fabrication of composite adsorbent, highly mesoporous silica with nanospheres was used as substrate and the organic ligand of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was anchored successfully. An optimum condition was evaluated for the detection and removal of Pb(II) ions. The composite adsorbent was exhibited high sensitivity to the Pb(II) ions as characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy with significant color formation. The lower limit of detection of Pb(II) ions was 0.48 µg/L in waster solution. In the presence of competing ions, the composite adsorbent was not affected for the sensitive and selective detection adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The results demonstrated that the composite adsorbent exhibited excellent adsorption performance for Pb(II) ions and maximum adsorption capacity was 67.20 mg/g. The adsorbed Pb(II) ions were eluted with suitable eluent and simultaneously regenerated into the initial form for next operation without destroying of case cavities in its nanostructure as it was clarified in the detection system. The data also confirmed that the composite adsorbent is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly procedure for Pb(II) treatment in wastewater and biological samples.