الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is in a worldwide rise.
Common diseases are associated with obesity particularly, diabetes, hypertension, and heart diseases.
< They have a great impact on people‘s health and may result in co-morbidities.
Different ways are available to control weight
other than surgeries that have high rate of morbidity and mortality.
<Among them are dietary control, exercise, and life-style changes.
< However they might not be sufficient in all cases.
Weight-loss oral medications and supplements with different mechanisms are also prescribed.
Nevertheless, bioavailability barriers and hepatic first path effect limit their benefits leading to the use of high doses.
Possible side effects of the medications and their adverse reactions are always major public health concerns especially with the high doses prescribed.
<Localized fat deposit is another major infuriating problem.
It is a common form of excess adipose tissue accumulated in certain parts of the body including the upper arms, chest, and thighs.
Although liposuction proceduresare effective at removing largeamounts of excess fat, it is accompanied by significant risk and complications other than anesthesia-related complications.These may includepost-procedural pain, infection, prolonged recovery, scarring, hematoma, or edema.Another significant complication, though non-fatal, iscontour irregularity which may require surgical repetition for adjustment. More serious and potentiallyfatal complications may include deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.There are also a variety of subcutaneous lipolysis injections which have been used in attempts toreduce subcutaneous fat deposits.
They are associated with pain and localized burning sensations, erythema, and infectious granulomatous reaction at the site of injection.
On the other hand, topical methods are preferred especially for non-obese patients seeking safer, more affordable methods of modest reductions of localized fat deposits and improved skin laxity and appearance.
<However, the topical routebarriers and difficulties in penetrating skin layers hinder the effectiveness of the applied medical agent.
Bilosomes represent a new form of vesicular carriers.
<The presence of bile salts leads to more flexible liposomes, which can facilitate the penetration of the vehicle acrossbiomembranes.
Moreover, their ingredients are similar to the ingredients of subcutaneous lipolysis injection.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to prepare and optimize bilosomalnanovesicles that topically applied,able topenetrate skin and make lipolysis of localized fats.
< Moreover some natural drugs that have lipolysis actions as well as target fat cells were loaded to ensure dug deposition in adipose tissue other that its permeation to systemic circulation.
The work in this thesis was divided into three parts