الفهرس 
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Abstract
POF is defined as abnormal consumption of ovarian reserve leading to amenorrhea. The incidence of POF among Egyptian women before the age of 40 years is about 8% while the incidence worldwide is about 1%.The aim of the present work was to study the possible protective effect of PRP on ovarian structure in cyclophosphamide- induced ovarian failure in adult female albino rats.The present study was carried out on forty-one albino rats. Thirty-six adult female albino rats were used as the experimental group. Five age-matched healthy male albino rats were used to obtain the PRP.
The thirty-six adult female albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: group I:(Control group) included six female rats received sodium chloride 0.9% (1mg/kg/dose) by intraperitoneal injection on the first, eighth, fifteenth days.group II: (Cyclophosphamide treated group) included six female rats received cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg/dose) by intraperitoneal injection on the first, eighth, fifteenth days.
group III: (PRP treated group) included twelve female rats divided into: (subgroup IIIa) included six rats received PRP (100 µl/dose) by intraperitoneal injection on the first, eighth, fifteenth days and (subgroup IIIb) included six rats received PRP (200 µl/dose) by intraperitoneal injection on the first, eighth, fifteenth days.
group IV: (Combined cyclophosphamide and 100 µl PRP treated group) included six female rats received Cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg/ dose) and half an hour later the rats received PRP (100 µl/ dose) by intraperitoneal injection on the first, eighth, fifteenth days.
group V: (Combined cyclophosphamide and 200 µl PRP treated group) included six female rats received Cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg/ dose) and half an hour later the rats received PRP (200 µl/ dose) by intraperitoneal injection on the first, eighth, fifteenth days.
Regarding to the effect of cyclophosphamide on rats’ ovaries, the ovaries were examined anatomically, histologically, immunohistochemically and using transmission electron microscope. The estradiol and progesterone levels were measured to reflect the ovarian functions.Anatomically, the ovaries in cyclophosphamide treated group were small and slightly congested. There was significant decrease in weight and volume in comparison to control group.
Histologically, ovaries of cyclophosphamide treated group revealed distorted ovarian structure. All morphometric parameters were reduced in cyclophosphamide treated groups (group II, group IV and group V) compared to control group.Regarding immunohistochemical findings, cyclophosphamide treated groups (group II, group IV and group V) showed a significant higher degree of capase 3 positivity in apoptotic cells in comparison to control group.Examination using transmission electron microscope showed the ovaries of cyclophosphamide treated group having apoptotic granulosa cells, phagocytic cells. Combined cyclophosphamide and PRP treated groups showed some granulosa cells detached and fell in the antral cavity of secondary follicle. Rounded irregular vacuoles appeared in the ooplasm. Regarding to the laboratory findings; the present work demonstrated that cyclophosphamide decreased significantly the production of estrogen and progesterone in cyclophosphamide treated group in comparison to ovaries of control group.In the present study, PRP was used as a blood product rich of growth factors in a trial to enhance ovarian tissue and functions after administration of cyclophosphamide.Anatomically; the ovaries of PRP treated group showed slight congestion and there was no significant difference of weight and volume of ovaries in comparison to control group.Congestion of the ovary was evident in combined cyclophosphamide and PRP treated groups. The weight and volume of ovaries were significantly higher in comparison to cyclophosphamide treated group.Histologically; rats’ ovaries of PRP treated group revealed classical appearance of ovarian tissue with morphometric parameters similar to control group.In combined cyclophosphamide and PRP treated groups the ovaries showed improved appearance of ovarian follicles with marked congestion. The morphometric parameters were improved in comparison to cyclophosphamide treated group.Regarding immunohistological findings, PRP treated group showed low caspase 3 positivity in apoptotic cells. Combined cyclophosphamide and 100 µl PRP treated group showed a considerable recovery of the ovary with moderate caspase 3 positivity in apoptotic cells. Combined cyclophosphamide and 200 µl PRP treated group showed low caspase 3 positivity in apoptotic cells.Examination using transmission electron microscope revealed the ovaries of PRP treated group had the same characteristic features as ovaries of control group with appearance of few dilated blood vessels.Ovaries of combined cyclophosphamide and PRP treated groups showed dilated blood vessels with red blood cells aggregation in the hilum of the ovary.Regarding to laboratory findings, there was no significant difference in plasma estradiol and progesterone levels between control group and PRP treated group.Plasma estradiol and progesterone level were significantly higher in combined cyclophosphamide and PRP treated groups than those of cyclophosphamide treated group.PRP seems to have protective effects on ovarian tissues and functions and its concomitant use with cyclophosphamide helps to restore the ovarian tissues and functions near normal.